Abstract
The growing incidences of new viral diseases and increasingly frequent viral epidemics have strained therapeutic and preventive measures; the high mutability of viral genes puts additional strains on developmental efforts. Given the high cost and time requirements for new drugs development, vaccines remain as a viable alternative, but there too traditional techniques of live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines have the danger of allergenic reactions and others. Peptide vaccines have, over the last several years, begun to be looked on as more appropriate alternatives, which are economically affordable, require less time for development and hold the promise of multi-valent dosages. The developments in bioinformatics, proteomics, immunogenomics, structural biology and other sciences have spurred the growth of vaccinomics where computer assisted approaches serve to identify suitable peptide targets for eventual development of vaccines. In this mini-review we give a brief overview of some of the recent trends in computer assisted vaccine development with emphasis on the primary selection procedures of probable peptide candidates for vaccine development.
Highlights
Viral diseases affect millions of people worldwide
Dengue virus disease affects about 50 to 100 million people globally with 9000+ fatalities [1], rotavirus infects about two million children under five years of age, of whom about 527,000 die [2], seasonal influenza epidemics cause severe illness in three to five million people, and a quarter to a half million deaths [3], just to name a few
Among the latest incidents of viral epidemics, one may recall the H1N1 (Influenza A type with Hemagglutinin subtype 1 and Neuraminidase subtype 1) swine flu pandemic of 2009, the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic of 2002–2003 [4], the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic of 2015 [5], the Ebola epidemic of 2014–2015 with 28,639 cases and 11,316 deaths reported until 16 March 2016 [6], the dengue epidemics in India of 2015, and in 2016, the Zika virus epidemic in South America
Summary
Dengue virus disease affects about 50 to 100 million people globally with 9000+ fatalities [1], rotavirus infects about two million children under five years of age, of whom about 527,000 die [2], seasonal influenza epidemics cause severe illness in three to five million people, and a quarter to a half million deaths [3], just to name a few. Among the latest incidents of viral epidemics, one may recall the H1N1 (Influenza A type with Hemagglutinin subtype 1 and Neuraminidase subtype 1) swine flu pandemic of 2009, the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic of 2002–2003 [4], the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic of 2015 [5], the Ebola epidemic of 2014–2015 with 28,639 cases and 11,316 deaths reported until 16 March 2016 [6], the dengue epidemics in India of 2015, and in 2016, the Zika virus epidemic in South America
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