A BIM-BASED SYSTEM FOR EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Earned value analysis (EVA) is a well-known project management tool for monitoring and forecasting the project performance such as time and cost. Despite the benefits found in the manufacturing industry, EVA has not been widely implemented in the Malaysian construction industry. This study is aimed to determine the advantages of EVA over other project control methods, to determine the suitability of implementing EVA in construction projects, and to develop a working flowchart as a guide in implementing EVA. Accordingly, qualitative approaches including the structured interview survey and the flowchart development were employed in this study. Findings reveal that comparing to stochastic methods, Fuzzy logic model, and miscellaneous methods, the EVA has remarkable advantages in accuracy, flexibility, and adaptability for complexity. Malaysian government has decided to implement EVA to enhance the level of project management for the whole country. Hence, an EVA working flowchart was developed by the authors, through which more de- tailed project status could be monitored and more accurate future performance of the project could be forecasted. Santrauka Uždirbtos vertės analizė (UVA, angl. Earned Value Analysis, EVA) – paplitęs projektų valdymo įrankis, skirtas projekto efektyvumui, pavyzdžiui, laikui ir sąnaudoms, stebėti ir prognozuoti. Nors UVA nauda gamybos sektoriuje akivaizdi, Malaizijos statybų sektoriuje ji nėra plačiai taikoma. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama nustatyti UVA pranašumus prieš kitus projektų kontrolės metodus, nustatyti UVA tinkamumą statybų projektams ir sukurti darbinę srautų diagramą, kuri padėtų diegiant UVA. Taigi tyrime taikyti kokybiniai metodai, įskaitant apklausą, naudojant nustatytos struktūros pokalbius, ir srautų diagramos kūrimą. Išvados rodo, kad tikslumu, lankstumu ir pritaikymu sudėtingiems atvejams UVA yra gerokai prana- šesnė už stochastinius metodus, neraiškiosios logikos modelį ir įvairius kitus metodus. Malaizijos Vyriausybė nutarė įdiegti UVA, taip pagerindama projektų valdymą visoje šalyje. Dėl to autoriai sukūrė darbinę UVA srautų diagramą, kuri leidžia stebėti smulkesnius projekto būsenos aspektus ir tiksliau prognozuoti projekto efektyvumą ateityje.

With the rapid development of communication services, the network construction scales rapidly are expanded. Through years of communication engineering construction, project management level of communications network operators and related consulting services units also increase with the establishment and management theory accumulated experience. In order to ensure the achievement of each important goal in communication network construction project, its implementation is to adopt effective integrated management, combined with practical examples of communication network construction. In this paper, it gives the earned value analysis (EVM: Earned Value Management) in Communication Engineering the application and the dynamic monitoring of earned value parameters and analysis in the communication network construction project and analyses the impact of project costs and progress changes for the final goals and the measures taken to avoid bias. Form the application results we can conclude that, earned value analysis can make the progress and cost effectively controlled within planning range and ensure the project goal can be achieved.

The construction project of the Frontage Road Waru-Buduran in Sidoarjo has faced significant delays, highlighting the critical challenges in maintaining project efficiency. This study aims to analyze the cost and schedule estimates for the remaining work, as well as the total project completion using the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) method. The analysis results reveal a progress deviation of -9.911% by week 14 out of the total planned 21 weeks, indicating substantial schedule delays. Final completion estimates indicate a delay of 16.5 days and cost efficiency of IDR 1,246,797,954.06 (3.8%), demonstrating effective cost management despite schedule setbacks. EVA has proven effective in integrating cost and schedule performance indicators, such as Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance Index (CPI), to provide a comprehensive evaluation of project health. The findings emphasize the importance of early identification of deviations through EVA to implement corrective strategies, such as resource reallocation, schedule adjustments, and improved stakeholder coordination. The application of EVA enables project managers to predict potential risks, mitigate delays, and optimize resource utilization to achieve project objectives. This study provides valuable insights for project management practices, offering practical guidelines for addressing the complexities of construction projects. By utilizing EVA, project managers can ensure better decision-making, improve time and cost efficiency, and minimize conflicts arising from deviations in project execution. The findings serve as a reference for adopting EVA as a standard method in construction management to enhance overall project performance and ensure timely completion within budgetary constraints.

Due to the more complex structure, greater size, and longer constructing period, most construction projects are facing more and greater risks than before and need more effective methods and tools to manage risks. However, because of the complex mathematic formulas, the difficulty of collecting data, or low profit margin etc., professionals are finding that few risk management methods and tools are sufficient, and they typically rely on their experience in practical construction-project risk management. To solve these problems, we present Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a new technology and the future of the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This combined with Earned Value Analysis (EVA) for providing a BIM-based construction project cost and schedule risk early warning model (BIM-CPCSREWM) to better and effectively manage construction project risks. Herein we will present a background and a description of the proposed model, develop the system prototype of BIM-CPCSREWM, and utilize a practical medicine construction project to illustrate the model’s validity.

Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is an accepted theoretical technique advocated for the control of projects. This paper attempts to refine and improve the performance of traditional EVA by the introduction of a hybrid methodology based on work packages and logical time analysis entitled Work Package Methodology (WPM). The proposed WPM provides the means to periodically update project cost and time performance by restricting EVA calculations to individual work packages. These are then subjected to a logical time analysis to determine the predicted project cost and time to completion. A comparative analysis between WPM and EVA is then undertaken using adapted test data derived from knowledge of previous projects to identify the reasons for variation in the results obtained from both methods. The evaluation of the test results indicates that when the Cost Performance Index (CPI) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) are well above or below unity then, especially in the early stages of the project, traditionally applied EVA predictions can be un‐realiable and require further investigation and evaluation. WPM provides a vehicle for judging the performance of EVA by applying an alternative logical time and cost utilizing work sequence and construction methods. The predictive performance of EVA is refined by these means.

Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is an accepted theoretical technique advocated for the control of projects. This paper attempts to refine and improve the performance of traditional EVA by the introduction of a hybrid methodology based on work packages and logical time analysis entitled Work Package Methodology (WPM). The proposed WPM provides the means to periodically update project cost and time performance by restricting EVA calculations to individual work packages. These are then subjected to a logical time analysis to determine the predicted project cost and time to completion. A comparative analysis between WPM and EVA is then undertaken using adapted test data derived from knowledge of previous projects to identify the reasons for variation in the results obtained from both methods. The evaluation of the test results indicates that when the Cost Performance Index (CPI) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) are well above or below unity then, especially in the early stages of the project, traditionally applied EVA predictions can be un‐realiable and require further investigation and evaluation. WPM provides a vehicle for judging the performance of EVA by applying an alternative logical time and cost utilizing work sequence and construction methods. The predictive performance of EVA is refined by these means.

Building information modeling (BIM) is a process that has the potential to positively impact the performance of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects. Previous studies showed the quantitative performance benefits of BIM from a general perspective. This paper aims to build upon the previous studies and investigate the effect of BIM Uses on a specific key project performance metric: project change. BIM Uses include visualization, clash detection, code checking, early coordination between stakeholders, and others. The research methodology includes conducting a principal component analysis (PCA) on a dataset of 34 completed vertical construction projects. A new input, the BIM Use Score, was created through PCA and was used to test if increased BIM Use actually affects project change metrics. Interesting results emerged from the analysis, including the lack of relationship between BIM Use and the extent of project change, and a potential correlation between BIM Use and the project change initiators: increased BIM Use seems to result in less design changes but more owner changes. The findings of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact BIM Use can (or cannot) have on project performance, ultimately helping project stakeholders decide how to most effectively use BIM on their projects.

Building information modeling (BIM) ?is an intelligent 3D design and modeling process that gives architects, engineers, construction and facility managers the ability and tools to plan, design, construct and manage buildings more effectively and efficiently. Currently, the construction progress is monitored by comparing the baseline project schedules, which include the planned dates and resources, with the actual dates in the updated schedules. 4D scheduling is used in the construction industry for linking individual model elements with the schedule activities to visualize the progress of construction activities. Also, it provides analyzing tools in the 3D environment to improve the efficiency of project management, such as earned value analysis, project critical path analysis, and analysis of resource allocation. However, the limitation of this approach is a need for the creation of a dedicated activity for monitoring each model element, which can result in an excessive number of activities. Similarly, the required volume of data limits the generation of a dedicated activity for multiple statuses of building elements, such as “testing an element,” and “inspecting an element’. This paper presents a construction progress visualization method, which uses a custom developed add-in to present the status of building elements (e.g., planned, installed) without linking them with the schedule. The new tool enables a visual presentation of the progress of each element within the BIM model during different stages of the construction process to increase the decision-making capabilities. A case study is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed BIM add-in tool for construction progress visualization.

In recent years, many public and private sector owners have started to require a building information modeling (BIM) component in new construction projects. Although there has been a significant increase in industry‐wide acceptance of BIM, it is still not a standard practice in the educational facility sector. This research aimed at exploring the use of BIM in educational facility projects by the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) disciplines. A survey that investigated BIM adoption at the company level, BIM implementation in projects, benefits of using BIM, and obstacles to using BIM was distributed to architects, site engineers, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, and contractors across the United States. The survey results showed that a majority of the respondents from all five disciplines used BIM. BIM was most commonly used for 3D visualization, automation of documentation, and clash detection. The most important benefits of BIM included better marketing and clearer understanding of projects which is crucial for clients such as school students, teachers, and principals. Lack of expertise and need for training seemed to be main obstacles to BIM use. The research contributes to the body of knowledge by showing prevalence of BIM use on educational facility projects and indicating how BIM could help improve collaborative knowledge sharing among designers, contractors, and clients, resulting in better quality educational buildings. These research findings can be used to assist AEC companies that are interested in implementing BIM in the educational facility projects.

In construction industry, the term 'procurement' is considered as a project based job where clients and contractors are always keen to observe performance indicators. These indicators represent financial and non-financial efficiency of project activities. Among these, the monitoring of financial indicators such as cost monitoring is an ongoing process and its importance cannot be undermined during the project life cycle. It can be monitored by using traditional approach of direct reporting of actual cost against budget. However, the comparison of budget versus actual spending does not indicate the worth of the work which is completed at any given time. This approach does not represent the true cost performance of the project. Because of these limitations, this paper discusses the applications of Earned Value Analysis (EVA) for cost monitoring of construction projects in Malaysia. Besides traditional approach, EVA is a three-dimensional approach that compares three cost indicators i.e. the budgeted value of work scheduled with the earned value of physical work completed and the actual cost of work completed. Therefore, cost monitoring by EVA is an objective measure of actual work performed. This paper uses a case study, an example application of EVA as a cost monitoring tool. This case study reaffirms the benefits of using EVA for project cash flow analysis and forecasting.

Reduced Reinforced Concrete Material Waste (RRCMW) is recognized as a major issue that must be controlled in building projects. The primary goal of the study is to demonstrate the significance of BIM in construction and the importance of BIM in reducing reinforced concrete material waste. To achieve the study's goal, a questionnaire survey is undertaken to estimate the benefit of using BIM in Egyptian building projects. According to the survey results, about 41% of respondents are believed that BIM may reduce project costs by 16% to 20% when compared to the traditional method. In addition, the proportion of variations in reinforced concrete amount survey between traditional methods (AutoCAD) and (Revit) is discovered to be 44%, with a range of 11% to 15%. Approximately 46% of respondents are believed that BIM eliminates design errors, with a percentage ranging from 21% to 25%, and about 51% are believed that BIM helps in reducing rework, with a total percentage ranging from 21% to 25%. Then, case studies of building ("Residential projects") and infrastructure ("Bridges projects") projects are analyzed to determine the difference between waste minimization using traditional methods and waste minimization using BIM. Waste management is a critical issue since it is the only approach to optimize waste throughout the project phases. As a result, factors managing (RRCMW) are extracted, and BIM software should be used to manage these factors in order to optimize waste. The relevant BIM applications are used in this case study: site utilization planning, quantity take-off, 3D coordination, visualization, digital prefabrication, design validation, "design review and clash detection," and optimized workflow and communication structure. So, based on the preceding case studies, it is discovered that using BIM is far more successful and economical than using the traditional method, because it aids in the resolution of many issues before and during construction, such as clash detection, material storage, material ordering, and so on. As a result, while BIM is not widely used in Egypt, engineers should be familiar with it because it will be a vital tool to reduce waste in the future.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has recently emerged as a novel technology worldwide however literature review reveals a salient gap in the identification of BIM capabilities in Key Performance Indicators (KPI) of construction projects in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the BIM applications toward KPIs in light of the construction stage of projects life cycle in Iran. To do this, a review of literature was performed on the KPIs and associated BIM contributions and the resultants were customized for Iranian context through a two-round Delphi study. An advanced Fuzzy-AHP approach was then applied in the prioritizations of KPIs and associated BIM capabilities via collecting data from construction practitioners. It was identified that quality improvement, sustainable construction and construction cost reduction are the top three KPIs that can be benefitted from BIM applications in the construction stage of building projects. It was also concluded that project coordination, clash detection, 4D and 5D BIM are the subsequent beneficial effects of BIM on the construction project KPIs in Iran. This study is a point of departure for BIM-based research and its managerial perspectives outlining an insight toward the application of BIM in the construction projects of Iran.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is recently becoming popular and a extremely economical resolution for information management in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. In Indian construction state of affairs most of the projects are still using 2D CAD drawing for his or her execution purpose. These 2D CAD drawings have lot of issues during execution like miscommunication, misunderstanding and time consuming process etc., This sort of errors and cost is reduced while using this BIM process Clash detection tool is an application of BIM which is employed for the coordination of building systems within 3D building models. This report gives a short introduction about Clash detection in BIM and it focus the methodology involved conducting clash detection analysis using building information modeling. This work involves searching for, how this clash detection tool helps to optimize of clashes in construction of particular building using BIM Coordination. The methodology involved in this report will be study of a G+3 residential building which consist of an architectural, structural and Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) BIM models and their subsequent clash detection analysis is done in this study, commercial software like as Autodesk Revit 2021, Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2022 are used. It also focuses on the methods of simplifying and standardizing the method of Clash Detection using Autodesk Navisworks. The entire cost of the project won't be increased and completion of the project on time and avoids overruns of budget. Key Words: BIM, Clash detection, Navisworks ,Revit etc

As property development and information technologies are going rapid in these few decades, information construction becomes necessarily as a management tool. Changes and variations in construction projects are common and inevitable. This paper aims to study potentials of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in managing variations. The research objective is to identify the potentials of BIM in managing variations. Qualitative method was adopted for this research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the respondents to collect data. Twelve respondents were chosen based on the following criteria: (a) involved in BIM projects and (b) experts with BIM knowledge. The respondents involved in the interviews are BIM software providers, BIM software resellers, BIM consultants, main contractors and government personnel in Malaysia. From the interview findings, the potentials of BIM in managing variations are to reduce the variations due to design-related changes, material-related changes, information discrepancies and construction method. Resolving design-related changes includes better visualisation, design coordination, clash detection, better decision making and minimised uncertainties. Managing material-related changes involves automated quantity taking-off, detailed plan for visualisation and material purchase plan. Reducing information discrepancies involves data digitalisation, communication and collaboration, real-time tracking changes as well as improved on request for information (RFI) process. Minimising variations due to construction method includes simulation, better site management and prefabrication with BIM. This research proves that it is necessary to promote BIM management approach in managing variations.

In large-scale industrial construction projects, scaffolding activities account for a large amount of the construction budget, and overlooking the scaffolding management can lead to budget overruns and schedule delays. The scaffolding activities can be categorized by classifications and types based on the nature of the scaffold builds. To ensure the project progress on track, it is critical to measure project performance based on project progress data. However, given the nature of scaffolding activities, it has been challenging to track and utilize the scaffolding data for analytical purposes. Therefore, this paper proposes a project control framework based on Earned-value analysis (EVA), in which linear regression models are used for productivity prediction. Three scenarios of productivity based on historical data (i.e., low, medium, and high productivity) are introduced. The proposed framework is implemented in a real construction project for validation. The results have shown that the proposed framework can efficiently evaluate the project progresses integrated with the EVA. The construction companies, such as general contractors and scaffolding sub-contractors, can use this method for site progress tracking. For future work, the EVA can be integrated with other non-linear predictive models (e.g., neural network) for productivity prediction. The EVA results can be integrated with data visualization to create situational awareness for construction practitioners.