Abstract
Replicating scientific findings is a fundamental aspect of research. However, in studies of discomfort due to glare, it is difficult to make comparisons between the results of different experiments since the statistical tests usually reported do not allow independent findings to be directly compared to each other. Here we present an alternative Bayesian approach that can address this problem. To show how this approach works, we performed a laboratory test with 55 participants to validate the effect of order bias previously detected in a similar study evaluating discomfort due to glare but, this time, under a large luminous source. Using the luminance adjustment procedure, the glare source was varied to meet four sensations of discomfort due to glare. Adjustments were performed under three different order sequences: ascending, descending, and randomised. Test participants provided glare settings using a newly proposed evaluation scale. The effect of order bias detected in the original study was compared to the data obtained with the same methodological procedure in the new experiment using Bayesian inferential tests. The results showed a close replication, highlighting that the order bias effect found in the original study was also present in the new experiment. The wide application of Bayesian methods in the design and analysis of experimental studies may improve the accuracy and validity of glare models.
Highlights
Discomfort due to glare is one of the challenges of building façade design
In the context of discomfort glare research, we previously identified a substantive effect of order bias in the procedure used by Petherbridge and Hopkinson [6] to obtain the Glare Constant, which is at the basis of many successive glare models [28]
In a test room equipped with a large artificial window, we performed a laboratory test with 55 participants to validate the effect of order bias on subjective degrees of discomfort due to glare
Summary
Discomfort due to glare is one of the challenges of building façade design. While studies have found that visual discomfort is a significant problem in many conventional buildings, occupants have reported glare five times more often in green-rated buildings [1]. To minimise the risk of glare, various models have been developed to provide precise measures of discomfort from a visual scene, with the objective of quantifying the perceived levels of glare based on physical measurements [3]. These models often give a low prediction accuracy [4]. Among many models recommended in the literature and in international standards, Table 1 presents a selection of key experimental studies used to derive prediction models of discomfort glare, illustrating the subjective criteria that observers used to evaluate the glare sources
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