A 402 MHz Reconfigurable Regulating Rectifier With Hybrid Regulation Strategy for WPT Bio-Implants

Purposes: The purposes of this research were: 1) in a preliminary study, to identify regulatory strategies used by players and coaches according to situation reward structure (Gains vs. Losses); and 2) in the main study, to analyze the effect of the interaction between situation reward structure (Gains vs. Losses) and regulatory strategy (Prevention vs. Promotion) on team performance (scoring a goal) in real-world settings. Methods and Results: In the preliminary study, 25 adult male handball players and 19 coaches playing and coaching at national level in the French championships completed a version of the Regulatory Focus Strategies Scales after reading four handball game scenarios (two gain-oriented and two loss-avoidance oriented). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that when the reward structure was gain-oriented, participants had higher scores in promotion regulatory strategy than in prevention regulatory strategy, and conversely. For the main study, a sample of 199 game phases was selected from 84 games played in the Lidl Star League (2017–2018 season). Mixed method analysis revealed a significant team regulatory fit effect, that is an interaction effect between reward structure and regulatory focus strategy on team performance. When there was a fit, both in loss-avoidance oriented and gain-oriented reward structure, performance was higher (OR = 1.64 and OR = 0.86, respectively) than when there was a mismatch (OR = 0.59 and OR = 0.27). Conclusion: These results confirm the applicability of the Regulatory Fit Theory in a real-world setting with professional players, and extend grounded social cognition research regulatory fit literature to team level.

本研究旨在探討高中生中、英文閱讀策略之差異及其對中、英文閱讀理解能力的關係。 主要目的如下： 一、探討高中生閱讀中、英文閱讀策略之差異及相關情形。 二、探討高中生的中、英文閱讀策略對其中、英文閱讀理解能力之解釋情形。 三、探討不同中、英文閱讀理解能力之高中生，其中、英文閱讀策略之差異情形。 四、探討在不同程度英文能力下之高中生，中、英文閱讀理解能力之關係。 五、探討在不同程度英文能力下的高中生，中、英文閱讀策略使用之關係。 六、根據研究發現，提供具體、適用於高中生英文閱讀策略及教學上的建議， 以增進學生英文閱讀理解能力，提昇學生之學習效能。 本研究採問卷調查法，研究對象為嘉南地區三所學校的高二學生，共208人。 本研究工具為「中文閱讀理解測驗」、「英文閱讀理解測驗」、「中文閱讀策略 量表」及「英文閱讀策略量表」；在資料處理方面，以卡方考驗、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、簡單迴歸、皮爾森積差相關、Spearman ρs相關等統計方法考驗研究假設。 本研究的主要發現如下： 一、高中生中文閱讀策略項目中之使用次數百分比，以「調整策略(I):速度調整」最高，「計畫策略」最低；高中生英文閱讀策略之使用次數百分比，以「調整策略(II):難度調整」最高，「計畫策略」最低；中、英文閱讀策略各題之使用次數最多的均為「考試策略」(第18題)、使用最少的是「計畫策略」(第5題)。 二、高中生中文21題閱讀策略使用次數百分比顯著高於英文閱讀策略的有「認知策略」(第3題)、「計畫策略」(第5題)、「調整策略(I):速度調整」(第10、12題)、「調整策略(II):難度調整」(第16題)及「考試策略」(第18題)；英文閱讀策略次數百分比顯著高於中文閱讀策略的有認知策略(第1題)、調整策略(II):難度調整(第14題)、考試策略(第17題)，在各分項使用平均值上，僅在「調整策略(II): 難度調整」上有顯著差異。 三、高中生在中文閱讀策略中，「認知策略」、「計畫策略」及「調整策略(II):難度調整」之使用對中文閱讀理解能力的解釋情形達顯著；高中生在英文閱讀策略「認知策略」、「計畫策略」、「監控策略」、「調整策略(I):速度調整」、「調整策略(II):難度調整」及「考試策略」之使用對英文閱讀理解能力的解釋情形達顯著；中、英文閱讀理解能力均高之高中生，在「認知策略」、「調整策略(I):速度調整」、「調整策略(II):難度調整」及「考試策略」達到顯著正相關。 四、高、低中文閱讀理解能力的高中生在中文閱讀策略「考試策略」的使用上有顯著差異；高、低英文閱讀理解能力的高中生在英文閱讀策略「認知策略」、「監控策略」、「調整策略(I):速度調整」、「調整策略(II):難度調整」及「考試策略」的使用上有顯著差異，高英文閱讀理解能力在策略的使用上明顯大於低英文閱讀理解能力之高中生。 五、高中生的「中文閱讀理解能力」與「英文閱讀理解能力」具有正向關係，英文能力程度高者之中、英文閱讀理解能力相關性明顯大於英文能力程度中、低者。 六、英文能力程度高的高中生之中、英文閱讀策略有正向關係。 依據研究結果與討論，研究者提出相關的具體建議，以供教師、學生及後續研究作為參考。 關鍵字：中文閱讀策略、英文閱讀策略、英文能力、中文閱讀理解能力、英文閱讀理解能力

The differential impact of extrinsic and mastery goal orientations on males' and females' self-regulated learning

To study whether and how emotion regulation (EmR) strategies are associated with adolescents’ well-being, 633 Italian adolescents completed a survey that measured, using the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ), the strategies of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES), and their relationship with several well-being measures. Factor analysis and reliability results confirmed the validity of ERQ to assess adolescents’ regulation strategies. Correlation and regression results showed that a greater reliance on CR was positively associated with better well-being outcomes for most indicators, especially life satisfaction, social support perception, and positive affect; greater preference for ES conversely was associated with lower well-being level for all indicators, including psychological health, emotional loneliness, and negative affect. Neither gender nor age differences were observed for CR and ES; CR and ES were positively correlated with each other. Both analysis of variance...

BackgroundEven if it was first described in borderline personality disorder, emotion dysregulation (ED) is increasingly recognized as a transdiagnostic and dimensional construct, best understood along a continuum of severity rather than as a discrete category. Prior cluster-analytic studies have consistently explored heterogeneity within this continuum by identifying patient subgroups, but most were conducted in populations defined by specific diagnostic categories, limiting their generalizability. To better capture ED’s core components, studies conducted in clinically heterogeneous adult populations are needed.MethodsIn this context, we conducted a latent profile analysis on 349 adults referred for ED-related difficulties at a specialized outpatient clinic. Profiles were derived from the six subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Patients were assessed on sociodemographic variables, emotion regulation difficulties and strategies, mentalizing abilities, comorbid psychopathology, and well-being.ResultsA two-class solution was retained. Subgroups did not align with any specific diagnostic category but rather emerged along a severity continuum. Cluster 1 (n = 267) was characterized by more severe ED in every domain, higher use of non-adaptive regulation strategies, lower self-mentalizing abilities, greater comorbid psychopathology, and lower well-being. Cluster 2 (n = 82) displayed comparatively preserved emotion regulation abilities and strategies, higher self-mentalizing, fewer comorbidities, and greater well-being.ConclusionsOur findings provide further evidence for the existence and characterization of subgroups in patients with ED, reflecting gradations along a severity continuum. While exploratory, they also suggest that core mechanisms targeted by DBT and MBT (i.e., maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and self-mentalizing abilities) may be relevant therapeutic targets across a broader transdiagnostic spectrum.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40479-025-00319-x.

Interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) refers to the different processes aimed at changing the emotional states of others. Some authors have speculated about the pivotal role of empathy for interpersonal ER to happen. However, the very limited empirical evidence suggests that only cognitive empathy as opposed to affective empathy may be a necessary antecedent. As previous research only considered interpersonal affect improvement and showed mixed evidence for the regulation strategies, we aimed to address this gap in the current research. To that aim, 374 adults (M = 30.3 years, 249 female) reported their tendency to engage in cognitive (perspective‐taking) and affective empathy (empathic concern and personal distress) as well as their tendency to improve and worsen others' mood, and to use different regulation strategies (situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and modulation of the emotional response) to change others' feelings. Results of the regression analyses showed that while affect improvement was not significantly predicted by any of the empathy variables, affect worsening was positively predicted by personal distress. Concerning the regulation strategies, while cognitive change and situation modification were positively predicted by personal distress, attention deployment was positively predicted by perspective‐taking. Overall, the obtained results highlight the need to further investigate the link between empathy and ER and to carefully consider the methods selected for that purpose.

Many bacteria are able to use O2 and nitrate as alternative electron acceptors for respiration. Strategies for regulation in response to O2 and nitrate can vary considerably. In the paradigmatic system of E. coli (and γ-proteobacteria), regulation by O2 and nitrate is established by the O2 -sensor FNR and the two-component system NarX-NarL (for nitrate regulation). Expression of narGHJI is regulated by the binding of FNR and NarL to the promoter. A similar strategy by individual regulation in response to O2 and nitrate is verified in many genera by the use of various types of regulators. Otherwise, in the soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Firmicutes) and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria), nitrate respiration is subject to anaerobic induction, without direct nitrate induction. In contrast, the NreA-NreB-NreC two-component system of Staphylococcus (Firmicutes) performs joint sensing of O2 and nitrate by interacting O2 and nitrate sensors. The O2 -sensor NreB phosphorylates the response regulator NreC to activate narGHJI expression. NreC-P transmits the signal for anaerobiosis to the promoter. The nitrate sensor NreA modulates NreB function by converting NreB in the absence of nitrate from the kinase to a phosphatase that dephosphorylates NreC-P. Thus, widely different strategies for coordinating the response to O2 and nitrate have evolved in bacteria.

Summary Global communication networks, in particular the Internet, challenge the traditional systems and procedures of regulation, which are national or regional but not global It is evident that solely market processes will not assert the guidance and control needed to escort the growth of the network and its use for service provision and electronic transactions. Introducing the conceptual distinction of coordination and regulation we identify areas in which government intervention is unnecessary and where it is indispensable. Then, examining different areas and strategies of regulation we highlight crucial problems and regulators’ responses concerning electronic commerce and the protection of third parties. This helps identify trends and specify areas of regulation with and without governments involved It shows that global communications is governed by a patchwork of few uniform international legal rules, sparingly harmonized national regulations at the regional level, a number of laws framing schemes of self-regulation complemented by unregulated self-regulation and last but not least a growing number of legal interface solutions. They mediate between conflicting regulatory systems without affecting their autonomy.

This chapter aims to open up the discussion about the different and often inconsistent strategies of regulation adopted in the Colombian securities market. It explores the case of the legal regime governing the over-the-counter derivatives market. The core of the debate is to identify the strategies of regulation and supervision used by the national regulators, and to criticise how the lack of coherence in its design and implementation affect the growth of the domestic over-the-counter derivatives market.

This study examined relationships among regulation strategies, emotional and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement. Regulation strategies included metacognitive and motivational regulation strategies. Motivational regulation strategies have three subtypes: autonomous regulation strategies, cooperative strategies, and performance strategies. A self-reported survey was administered to 199 undergraduates from four universities, and an examination was conducted three months after the survey. Path analysis showed that use of metacognitive strategies was positively correlated with test scores, mainly through behavioral engagement. Moreover, use of autonomous regulation strategies was positively correlated with emotional engagement. Emotional engagement was positively correlated with test scores via behavioral engagement. On the other hand, use of performance strategies was negatively correlated with emotional engagement. Use of cooperative strategies was not correlated with engagement. These results indicate that each regulation strategy has a different function in learning, and that engagement mediates the relationships between various regulation strategies and academic achievement.

There are many ways to regulate emotions. People use both adaptive (e.g., regulation by music) and maladaptive (e.g., regulation by food) strategies to do this. We hypothesized that participants with a high level of food-based regulatory strategies and a low level of music-based regulatory strategies (a group with the least adaptive form of emotion regulation) would have significantly greater levels of unhealthy eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress, as well as a significantly lower level of healthy eating behaviours than those with a low level of food-based regulatory strategies and a high level of music-based regulatory strategies (a group with the greatest adaptive form of emotion regulation). Participants (N = 410; Mage = 31.77, SD = 13.53) completed: the Brief Music in Mood Regulation Scale, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, the Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behavior Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and a socio-demographic survey. The four clusters were identified: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 148): low food-based regulatory strategies and high music-based regulatory strategies; (b) Cluster 2 (N = 42): high food-based regulatory strategies and high music-based regulatory strategies; (c) Cluster 3 (N = 70): high food-based regulatory strategies and low music-based regulatory strategies; (d) Cluster 4 (N = 150): low food-based regulatory strategies and low music-based regulatory strategies. Overall, our outcomes partially support our hypothesis, as higher levels of unhealthy eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress were observed in participants with high food-based and low music-based regulatory strategies as compared with adults with low food-based and high music-based regulatory strategies. To sum up, the results obtained indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic the group of people regulating their emotional state and unhealthy eating predominantly with food is potentially characterized by worse functioning than the group of people regulating with music. Therefore, it can be concluded that people who regulate their functioning using food should be included in preventive measures by specialists. During the visit, psychologists and primary care physicians can ask patients about their daily strategies and based on this information specialists can estimate the potential risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety, depressive disorders and unhealthy eating habits and provide specific (match) intervention.

To solve the problem of nodes whose voltage exceeds the security constraint in the scenario of massive distributed generation access, a real-time strategy for voltage regulation of the distribution network considering the incomplete response of distributed resources is proposed. The strategy includes two parts: a real-time strategy for voltage regulation of the distribution network and the improvement of the strategy to deal with the incomplete response of distributed resources. Firstly, the real-time voltage autonomy of the distribution network is realized through the distributed resource strategy for voltage regulation; Then, aiming at the incomplete response of distributed resources, the strategy for voltage regulation is improved, and the margin iteration and feedback regulation are added; Finally, based on the IEEE33 node model, we verify the strategy for voltage regulation which is proposed in this paper. The results of the experiment show that the strategy for voltage regulation can effectively solve the problem of distribution network voltage out of limit, and has good anti-interference ability for the incomplete response of distributed resources.

Objective and subjective features of children's neighborhoods: relations to parental regulatory strategies and children's social competence

Understanding Financial Regulation

This Article offers an account of financial regulation that is focused on the types of regulatory strategies that financial regulators employ. Noting the lack of prior academic work in this area, the Article presents a taxonomy of strategies, consisting of rulemaking, supervision, certification, and enforcement, and argues that regulators actively choose between versions of strategies that require their direct input and immediate expenditure of regulatory resources (public regulatory strategies) and strategies that delegate the burden of regulation onto private actors (private regulatory strategies). This choice affects the nature and effectiveness of financial regulation, both in terms of the degree to which financial regulation relies on self-regulation, gatekeepers, private rights of action, and other private strategies and the manner in which the interests of private parties involved in private strategies are aligned with those of the public. As the primary difference between public and private regulatory strategies is the immediate cost to the regulator, this Article further argues that the availability of resources is the primary determinant of the types of regulatory strategies selected by financial regulators. This Article then explores two implications of the role of resource constraints on financial regulation. The first is an explanation for the oft- noted “sine curve of regulatory activity,” a cyclical pattern of lighter to heavier regulatory activity before and after a financial crisis or scandal. In the aftermath of any such financial crisis or scandal, regulators face intense pressure to demonstrate they are in control of the financial markets and, therefore, rely more on public strategies—strategies that give the regulator greater visibility and command. Eventually, however, resource constraints force regulators to seek more cost-effective regulatory strategies, driving them to rely more on private strategies. The second is what happens when regulators cannot easily access private strategies, such as in the case of systemic risk regulation. Under resource constraints, regulators resort to “blunter” public strategies that are less costly but are not as fine-tuned, such as proposals to create narrow banks or abandon traditional financial regulatory strategies in favor of extraregulatory solutions, such as bank fees and size limitations on financial institutions.