Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays an important role promoting the wound contraction increase and epidermal proliferation, cytokines regulation and adhesion molecules, collagen deposition increase, and neovascularization stimulus. Its function is associated with the molecular weight and its rheological properties. HA changes in the skin can be observed due to aging, wound healing, and degenerative disease. Traditionally, the native HA was extracted from animal tissues, but nowadays it is mainly produced by microbial fermentation. Microbial HA is recommended for human therapeutic products for medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic application because this one does not present risk of cross-species viral and other adventitious agent infection. In clinical medicine, HA and its derivatives have showed great potential in treatment of different types of wounds as burns. This chapter describes the HA properties, microbial polymer production, its function in the wound stages, and discusses the current trends of its utilization on wound healing treatment either as component of topical formulations or as scaffold.
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