Abstract
Isomerized hop extract (IHE), which consists mainly of isohumulones and is required in the beer-brewing process, was investigated for its effects on diet-induced obesity. Supplementation of high fat-containing chow with IHE reduced body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in C57BL/6N and KK-Ay mice. Reduced weight gain was also observed in C57BL/6N mice fed a standard diet containing IHE. IHE may induce its effects by inhibiting fat absorption through the intestines, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may also be involved. Isohumulones activated PPARs α and γ. Diabetic KK-Ay mice treated with iso-humulones showed reduced plasma glucose, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid levels. Isohumulone treatment did not cause significant weight gain, though treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone did. C57BL/6N mice fed a high fat diet and treated with isohumulones showed improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin resistance, increased liver fatty acid oxidation, and decreased hypertrophic adipocyte size. A study of diabetes patients suggested that IHE significantly decreased blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels. These results suggest that isohumulones can modulate insulin sensitivity in mice on a high fat diet that develop insulin resistance and in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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