Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoking is a leading cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR). This global restriction of growth is thought to be due to intrauterine carbon monoxide and nicotine exposure and direct effects of toxins at a cellular level. Smoking is protective against the development of pre-eclampsia (PET). As abnormal UA and MCA Doppler waveforms are independent predictors of morbidity in FGR we aimed to examine the effect of cigarette smoking on Doppler patterns and perinatal outcome in a large cohort of fetuses with EFW <10th centile.
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