Abstract
•Both ventilation and perfusion are distributed preferentially to dependent regions of the lung as a result of gravity and lung structure, and vary with posture and lung volume.•In healthy lungs ventilation and perfusion are closely matched, with little variation of the ventilation to perfusion (▪) ratio in different lung regions.•Regions of lung with a (▪) ratio of 0 represent intrapulmonary shunting of mixed venous blood, whilst regions with a (▪) ratio of infinity contribute to the alveolar dead space.•Physiological dead space describes the part of each tidal volume that does not take part in gas exchange, and is made up of alveolar and anatomical dead space components.
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