Abstract
This chapter focuses on the chemical equilibrium in liquids and solutions. When a chemical reaction takes place such that all of the reactants are converted into products the reaction is said to have reacted to completion. When a reversible reaction takes place at a constant temperature, the reaction reaches a stage when, independent of the time allowed for the reaction to take place, the composition of the reaction mixture becomes constant. At this stage, the rate of the forward reaction has become equal to the rate of the backward reaction, and the reaction exists in a stage of what is called dynamic equilibrium. The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the active masses of the reactants. These active masses approximate to the concentrations of the reactants measured in moles per liter.
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