Abstract
Soft, lipid-based nano-structures, including self-emulsifying systems, mimic nature's mechanism of lipid adsorption and transport. This chapter reviews the mechanisms of lipid transport along with the preliminary evidence on the effect of emulsifiers and additives used in engineered self-emulsifying systems on lipid transport and metabolism. It also discusses the physical principles that explain the advantages of nano-structured self-emulsifying lipid delivery systems as a way of introducing the design criteria for these formulations. It describes the basic aspects of the equilibrium of surfactant-oil-water systems (micro emulsions) as a way of connecting the selection of the ingredients, their phase behavior, the physical properties of the formulations, and their performance as delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs and nutraceuticals. The chapter presents some examples of self-emulsifying formulations in light of the different strategies used to bridge the hydrophilic-lipophilic gap between water and the poorly soluble solute. It also introduces an overview of mathematical models that could be used to engineer self-emulsifying delivery systems. While the field of self-emulsifying delivery systems has seen rapid progress in pharmaceutical and food applications, future developments require a multidisciplinary approach to take full advantage of the technology.
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