Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) mediates oxidative stress-linked pathological processes; however, its role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages is still unclear. Thus, this study investigated the sources and mechanisms of ROS generation in macrophages stimulated with HNE. Exposure of J774A.1 cells to HNE showed an increased production of ROS, which was attenuated by NADPH oxidase as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors. Linked to these results, HNE increased membrane translocation of p47phox promoting NADPH oxidase activity, which was attenuated in peritoneal macrophages from 5-LO-deficient mice as well as in J774A.1 cells treated with a 5-LO inhibitor, MK886 or 5-LO siRNA. In contrast, HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity was not affected by inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, leukotriene B4, 5-LO metabolite, was found to enhance NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Altogether, these results suggest that 5-LO plays a critical role in HNE-induced ROS generation in murine macrophages through activation of NADPH oxidase.
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