Abstract

This chapter discusses the range of gases commonly used for gas-shielded arc welding and their basic properties and applications. It also discusses the compatibility of shielding gases with common materials. The range of gases used for shielding in arc and laser welding processes is limited; however, gas mixtures containing from two to four active components may be used to obtain the optimum welding performance. The primary functions of the shielding gas in the arc welding processes are to provide a suitable medium for the stable operation of a sustained low-voltage arc and to provide shielding from atmospheric contamination. Secondary, however equally important, functions include the control of weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. By analyzing the effects of the various individual gases, it is possible to produce mixtures to satisfy the requirements of most material–process combinations. The chapter also focuses on the composition and properties of the range of gas mixture available. The common gas mixtures used for shielding are: (1) argon, helium and argon/helium mixtures, used for most materials, including steel and the reactive metals titanium and zirconium; (2) nitrogen can be used for less demanding applications on austenitic stainless steel.

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