Abstract
This chapter discusses the groups of ferrous metals to be considered in relation to marine corrosion: (1) ordinary carbon and mild steels, (2) low alloy steels, (3), cast iron, and (4) stainless steels. In clean dry air at normal ambient temperatures, a thin protective oxide film forms on the surface of polished mild steel. It is not protective like the films that form on stainless steel and non-ferrous alloys, and in the presence of electrolytes on the surface, it provides no barrier to them. Water and dissolved atmospheric oxygen react with the steel and form rust. The factors that determine the rate of corrosion in air are: the time for which the steel surface is moist, and the extent of pollution and contamination of the atmosphere. It has been shown that the types of low-alloy steels used in the atmosphere do not perform better than unalloyed steel under immersed conditions. To obtain an advantage under immersed conditions, about 3% chromium must be added. The stainless steels depend on their chromium content for corrosion-resistance. Alloying elements in conjunction with chromium improve the corrosion-resistance. Some alloying elements affect the corrosion-resistance and the mechanical properties of the steels.
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