Abstract
PV cell cooling is essential to prevent it from overheating and save its electrical efficiency from decreasing. In addition, the bifacial PV cell is more suited for small-area applications. However, there is a big challenge in cooling the bifacial PV cell surface due to the bifacial PV collects solar radiation from both the top and bottom sides. Therefore, a new heat sink of the bifacial PV system is numerically and experimentally studied. The proposed bifacial system consisted of 2 mono-facial PV cells, phase change material (PCM), and 2 aluminum plates. The PCM (paraffin wax) and the proposed arrangement of 8 ribs in the aluminum plates are used to decrease the cell temperature and improve the electrical performance of the system. The ribbed case (2PV-PCM-ribs) is compared to the smooth case (2PV-PCM-smooth) to detect the enhancement due to the ribs. The energy, exergy, economic, and enviro-economic (4E) analysis is established between the 2PV-PCM-ribs system and the bifacial system (without cooling). The outcomes explained that the electrical efficiency and the output power per unit area of the 2PV-PCM-ribs system are higher than the bifacial system (without cooling) by a significant value. The highest difference value in electrical efficiency and output power are 1.6 %, and 27.21 W/m2, respectively, which occurred at 195 min. The electricity generation cost for the 2PV-PCM-ribs is 0.07679, 0.077932, and 0.092782 $/kWh, at a lifetime of 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively, compared to 0.07717, 0.78322, and 0.93246 $/kWh, in the bifacial system (without cooling).
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