4-4PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH JAKARTA PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension remains an important public health challenge around the world because it could increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other health problem, even death. An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Most of them are living in low and middle-income countries. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is increasing from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1 % in 2018. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension in Jakarta is 33.4%. With one of the global targets for the noncommunicable disease is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension 25% by 2025, it is important to know several factors that could increase the hypertension prevalence. The study's purpose was to acknowledge the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension. Method: This research was a cross-sectional study of 789 patients as primary data by measuring BMI and waist circumference with questionnaire encompassed identity and risk factor of hypertension. This research was held in the Public Health Center of Penjaringan District, North Jakarta. Result: Research outcome showed that out of 789 respondents, 260 (33%) had pre-hypertension, 265 (33,6%) had hypertension stage 1, and 142 respondents (18%) had hypertension stage 2—only 122 (15,5%) respondents who had normal tension. Based on statistical analysis, there were some factors associated with hypertension, which were smoking, body mass index, and waist circumference. Chi-square test showed p value 0.008 between hypertension and smoking. Kruskal Wallis test showed p value of 0.020 between hypertension and body mass index, and p-value 0.002 between hypertension and waist circumference. The conclusion of this research was most of the respondents had hypertension. It also revealed that smoking, an increase in body mass index, and waist circumference became the risk factors of hypertension. This could be happened due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, recommendations should be made to enhance the monitoring of blood pressure regularly and improve health promotion of hypertension risk factors.