412 A Protocol for Reducing Intensive Care Utilization After Craniotomy: A Three-Year Assessment

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Craniotomy patients have traditionally received intensive care unit (ICU) care postoperatively. Our institution developed the “Non-Intensive CarE” (NICE) protocol to identify craniotomy patients that did not require postoperative ICU care. METHODS: Our institution’s electronic medical record (EMR) was queried to identify craniotomies prior to protocol deployment (May 2014-May 2018), and after deployment (May 2018-December 2021). Patients are considered for the protocol if they are having an elective craniotomy for select procedures (e.g. microvascular decompressions, extra-axial tumor resection), are under age of 65, have no history of coagulopathy, and have no other medical contraindications. Reason for readmission or reoperation among NICE protocol patients was collected via chart review. The primary endpoints were average POLS and ICU utilization; secondary endpoints included readmission, reoperation, and postoperative complications rates. Endpoints were compared among pre- and post-protocol cohorts. RESULTS: 4,837 craniotomies were performed from May 2014-December 2021 (2,302 pre-protocol, 2,535 post-protocol). 21% percent of post-protocol craniotomies were enrolled in the NICE protocol. After protocol deployment, overall POLS decreased from 4.0 to 3.5 days (p = 0.0031), which was driven by deceased POLS among protocol patients (average 2.4 days).ICU utilization decreased from 57% of patients to 42% (p < 0.0001), generating ∼$760,000 in savings. Return to the ICU and complications decreased after protocol deployment. 5.8% of protocol patients had a readmission within thirty days; none could have been prevented through ICU stay. CONCLUSIONS: The NICE protocol is an effective, sustainable method to increase ICU bed availability and decrease costs without changing outcomes. To our knowledge, this study features the largest series of patients enrolling in an ICU utilization reduction protocol. Careful patient selection is a requirement for the success of this approach.