Abstract
As health systems strive for improved perioperative outcomes, there is an increasing focus on effective pain management and optimization of the surgical patient. Although numeric and visual analogue pain scores have become the standard of care in many hospitals and surgical centers, treating this “number” has led to limited improvements in the patient experience and clinical outcomes: these unidimensional tools do not adequately account for many of the modifying factors associated with complex recovery or prolonged hospitalization.
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