Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a common deformity affecting 2% to 4% of the population, was previously treated with Harrington rods. Although Harrington rods were effective in stabilizing the deformity, they were unable to maintain or correct for lordosis of the lumbar spine. This has led to a large number of patients previously treated with Harrington rods developing flat back syndrome leading to back and radicular pain. The development of pedicle screws has allowed better correction of the three-dimensional deformity of AIS, although a large number of patients previously treated with the older instrumentation continue to present for treatment following progression or degeneration of their repair. Treatment often involves anterior and posterior instrumentation to correct for the deformity.
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