40th Anniversary Special Issue in Honor of William M. Ballantyne

1979: Within 10 years from the first human stepping onto the Moon, the international plant science community had a new journal. The topic was not “astrobotany” but how plants respond to environmental challenges on Earth. And yet, 40 years on, a connection between space exploration and plant science is not so far-fetched. Deforestation, salinization, and desertification have transformed many regions on Earth into barren landscapes resembling the surface of other planets, and rapid population growth, dwindling energy resources, and water scarcity have transformed utopias such as terraforming Mars into serious scientific aspirations. Understanding how our planet sustains life and whether it can continue to do so has become more urgent than ever. The contribution that PC&E and other plant science journals have made during these years is to ensure that our understanding of adaptive mechanisms in plants is based on excellent science. This achievement cannot be underestimated, given that the published information is now relied upon to furnish models that predict our future. There is little room for error when we need to evaluate the impact of climate change on food production or the effects of deforestation on global warming. Preventing the spread of fake news in science is more important than ever, and peer review through experts has to remain an important part of the publishing landscape alongside other models of dissemination. Frustration of authors over bias, favouritism, and discrimination in scientific publishing must not be taken lightly, and these issues need to be addressed. However, until we have found better ways to critically scrutinize scientific news, the import role that peer reviewers and editors play in safeguarding quality should not be neglected. We simply cannot afford that political decisions are being made on the basis of weak science, especially when it comes to preserving the “Green planet”. Given the enormous amount of available data, decision-making bodies increasingly depend on secondary literature, and therefore, scientific integrity concerns not only primary data but also data interpretation. Divulging wrong conclusions from good data can do as much damage as bad data, if not more, and yet the number of review papers that repeat unsubstantiated conclusions rather than re-assessing primary evidence is rocketing. Maintaining high standards for review articles is therefore an important responsibility of science journals. Of course plant science is not just a means to ensure the survival of mankind but also an expression of human curiosity and admiration for nature. One of the most highly cited papers in PC&E in recent years has the title “How do trees die?” (Sevanto, McDowell, Dickman, Pangle, & Pockman, 2014). While this is an important question for the survival of our planet and also a topic of fundamental scientific interest, the title probably primarily appeals to our emotions, our admiration for the age and wisdom of trees, our love for their colour and texture, and our sadness at seeing them die. It is the combination of high scientific standard and simple love for plants that has characterized PC&E over the last 40 years, and I hope we can continue to maintain this balance in the future. Review articles are a good way to introduce general-interest readers to scientific topics while maintaining scientific accuracy. As a token of respect to the tradition of PC&E, we have organized three birthday presents this year. Our Anniversary Virtual Special Issue available online is a collection of influential papers published over the last 40 years. Our Anniversary Symposium, held in Glasgow this September, celebrates the breadth of modern plant physiology. Finally, this Anniversary Special Issue is a collection of new, peer-reviewed reviews from our editors. It showcases not only the extent and depth of their research interests and expertise but also their excitement about new research themes and technological advance. Global temperatures are rising, and heat waves are predicted to occur more frequently. The impacts on natural vegetation and global crop production are worrying and call for a better understanding of heat- sensitive processes. Two reviews in this issue critically assess the effects of high temperatures on plant performance during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Slattery and Ort (2019) explain how elevated temperature affects photosynthesis in key crops with particular emphasis on results obtained from controlled environment manipulations in the field. They also discuss how this knowledge underpins different strategies for improving crop yield under global warming. Santiago and Sharkey (2019) review possible causes and cures of heat sensitivity of reproductive tissues. They unravel the central role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anther and pollen development and discuss how different metabolites such as flavonoids, sorbitol, proline, or polyamines directly and indirectly alter ROS signalling and toxicity. This research is essential for protecting grain production in heat prone environments. The sensitivity of seed germination and seedling establishment to environmental stress factors is important for species survival in natural habitats but can limit agricultural production. Seed quality and vigour are therefore important targets for crop improvement. Domergue, Abadie, Limami, Way, and Tcherkez (2019) summarize the current state of knowledge on primary carbon and energy metabolism in seeds and explore the quantitative relationships between metabolic fluxes and seed vigour. One of the dilemmas in plant physiology is the inescapable link between CO2 assimilation and evaporative water loss from leaves, which can limit plant growth particularly during drought. To prevent embolism, lost water must be rapidly replaced through the plant vasculature. McCulloh, Domec, Johnson, Smith, and Meinzer (2019) summarize new insights into the hydraulic properties of plants obtained from inter-species comparisons, and they propose a more detailed analysis of individual organs to understand hydraulic coordination in the whole-plant context. Plants emit a large range of volatile molecules such as terpenes, nitrogen-containing and aromatic compounds, or methyl jasmonate. Understanding the exact roles of these volatiles for the plant and for the environment is a hot topic in plant science. To cater for the increasing interest in volatiles, we have started to collate publications in this area in a Virtual Special Issue online (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3040.volatiles). Here, we present two new review articles on different aspects of volatile biology. Isoprene is emitted in large quantities in response to abiotic stress such as drought and heat. Lantz, Allman, Weraduwage, and Sharkey (2019) evaluate the biochemistry, regulation, and function of isoprene in the context of climate change. They also discuss the emerging role of isoprene as a signal linking environmental signals to downstream responses. Hammerbacher, Coutinho, and Gershenzon (2019) review the biochemistry and functions of volatiles emitted after plant infection with microbial pathogens, including direct antimicrobial action, systemic defence, and plant–plant communication, and describe how microbes can use them as attractants and nutrients. Volatile emission is also one of the many components of plant defence against herbivores. Using the weevil–conifer interaction as a reference system, Whitehill and Bohlmann (2019) describe the different stages of insect development and analyse where and how the host defence mechanisms disrupt this life cycle. Understanding the physical, chemical, and molecular processes of the defence system makes an important contribution to breeding programmes and forest health. The plant root microbiome contains a plethora of harmful, neutral, and beneficial microbes. The review by Yu, Pieterse, Bakker, and Berendsen (2019) tackles important questions relating to the root– microbiome interaction. How do plant-invading and free-living microbes suppress root immune responses; how does the plant distinguish between friend and foe; and how does the plant sustain or alter its root microbiome? Answering these questions is important because a healthy root microbiome maintains natural vegetation and supports sustainable agriculture. Understanding environmental signal integration at the cellular level is an important part of the remit of PC&E. Photoreceptors for red, far-red, blue, and UV-B light facilitate the input of light into the circadian clock, which synchronizes physiological processes in plants with the external environment. Ronald and Davis (2019) highlight the recent advances made in understanding the mechanisms controlling the nuclear and sub-nuclear localization of photoreceptors and the role of sub-nuclear bodies in photoreceptor signalling. Intracellular Ca2+ mediates between many environmental cues and plant responses both at cellular and at systemic level. Considerable efforts have been made to develop genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+ sensors and to detect them in vivo using microscopy techniques. Vigani and Costa (2019) discuss the particular advantages of different technologies and summarize the large body of evidence on Ca2+ signalling pathways that underpin nutrient sensing in plants. Micronutrients such as iron and zinc are essential for plant and human health but poorly soluble and highly reactive. Plants employ a range of ligands to bind the metals to enhance availability, long-distance transport, and storage. Clemens (2019) introduces the reader to the different ligands, their biochemistry and transport, and to the technical issues that researchers face when studying them. Solving these issues and obtaining a detailed understanding of metal ligands in plants will be instrumental in the fight against hidden hunger. Dynamic phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of proteins is an essential molecular mechanism for post-translational regulation of proteins. The kinases and phosphatases are themselves targets of regulation through endogenous and environmental factors. Bhaskara, Wong, and Verslues (2019) unravel the molecular processes that regulate activity, stability, and localization of PP2C phosphatases, which are key components of stress signalling pathways. The emerging picture of a multi-layered web of regulation could explain why a relatively small number of phosphatases can collaborate with a large number of kinases to dynamically regulate tens of thousands of protein phosphorylation sites in plants. Last but not least, protein degradation plays an important part in plant stress responses. Xu and Xue (2019) describe the different components of the ubiquitin proteasome system and their functions in stress-responsive signalling pathways. They also highlight emerging evidence for transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications of these components, which can alter the assembly and activity of proteasomes and thus mediate degradation of distinct proteins during stress responses. I thank the editors and their colleagues for contributing these insightful reviews to mark the 40th anniversary of PC&E. I am looking forward to many more years of high-quality plant science publishing in this journal. Happy Anniversary!

With this anniversary issue we celebrate 50 years of the journal ‘Human Development. Human Development’ was founded in 1958 as ‘Vita Humana’ (‘human life’). From the beginning the journal was intended to serve as an interdisciplinary forum for research and theory on the full lifespan of human development. This anniversary issue presents three artic

The journal Philosophy and Literature is one of leading locations for contemporary discussions of relations between philosophy and literature. Recently journal came out with its 20th Anniversary Issue, a copy of which I received because I had written a book review for issue. For fun of it I decided to read issue from front to back. I was struck by how many of articles were committed to some form of what has traditionally been called realism.1 Much is said positively about science and scientific method, whereas schools of thought that have often criticized realism, for example post-structuralism and Rortyan pragmatism, come under frequent attack. This is not surprising, given that editorial, by Dennis Dutton and Patrick Henry, focuses on Alan Sokal's explanation of his now famous hoax against well-known cultural studies journal Social Text.2 While reading issue it occurred to me that journals are units of cultural production, and that they should be as open to discussion and critique as anything else. Although it would be difficult to read entire production of a journal, a special anniversary issue would surely represent general point of view of editors and contributors.3 Someone might object to criticism of one journal appearing in another, for example in Philosophy Today. It is my view that writing a critique of this sort is not fundamentally different from writing a review of an edited collection of essays. It should also be stressed that I have no intention to denigrate work of editors of Philosophy of Literature, which I consider to be a fine publication. My only desire is to open up new avenues of discussion for issues raised in that journal.4 My general claim then is that anniversary issue of Philosophy and Literature, taken as a whole, is a defense of against various opponents of that position. (I shall call this defense of the new realism.) We certainly need some sort of corrective against recent excesses of postmodern literary theory and philosophy. But pendulum swings have a way of overcorrecting. Nothing is being said by any of authors found in this issue about limits or possible disadvantages of realism, or of metaphysical assumptions behind that position. Part of reason why these assumptions are not addressed is that awfulness of opposition seems so glaring. The new realists frequently and gleefully point to inscrutable jargon, inconsistencies and bad arguments of their opponents. (Editor, Dennis Dutton, runs a well-known annual Bad Writing Contest for ugliest, most stylistically awful single sentence-or string of no more than three sentences-found in a published scholarly book or article.5 Some of winners are simply stunning.) This may lead them to believe that a combination of clarity, logic and scientific method will save literary studies and philosophy from barbarians. These concerns are certainly legitimate, and nothing I will say here is intended to justify poststructuralist outrages. I would simply like us to engage in a bit of hopefully jargon-free and clear-headed questioning about new itself. First, a comment about term Most people would consider themselves realists in some sense. I certainly do. Those who, like myself, are opposed to, or at least critical of version of found in these pages tend to refer to it as naive realism. The true realism, on our account, is not naive. Naive is not truly realist, not realistic enough. It was a sad mistake for critics of to have called themselves anti-realists, since this allowed term realism to remain in hands of their opponents. The most fundamental assumption of is existence, stability, independence and ideal determinability of facts. The realist would not go so far as to say, with Wittgenstein, that world is all that is case. …

UOG now and beyond!

In this introduction to the twenty-fifth anniversary special issue of Global Environmental Politics (GEP), we reflect on and celebrate the first 100 issues of the journal. To that end, we collected data on the authors who submit their manuscripts to GEP, those who publish in GEP, and the many scholars who review for GEP. Using this information, we evaluate trends over time, particularly in terms of collaboration and diversity. We find that coauthorship has become much more common in recent years, with many early-career scholars publishing in teams. Gender balance among authors has improved considerably over the last quarter century, and people who engage with the journal are diverse in the theoretical and methodological approaches they bring to bear on global environmental politics. However, as most authors work at universities in North America and Europe, geographic diversity remains low, resulting in a lack of representation from the Global South. We end by introducing the articles included in this twenty-fifth anniversary special issue, all of which look to the journal’s past to derive lessons for our collective future.

The papers in this 20th Anniversary Special Issue reflect to a large extent how the fields of pension economics and pension finance have developed in the past two decades, although there remain very clear connections to the research published in the Journal's first issue. While there has been great progress in research on pensions and retirement economics over the last 20 years, there remain important outstanding questions for future study.

The European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry and the European Journal of Organic Chemistry are proud to celebrate their 20th anniversary. The first volume of both journals appeared in the same year, 1998, and during the last two decades these two “twin” journals have worked closely together. In this spirit, we bring you a joint editorial to introduce our very special Anniversary Issue. With the vision to create strong European journals focusing on the two core disciplines in chemistry, inorganic and organic chemistry, eight European chemical societies merged their national journals in this landmark year to form the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry and the European Journal of Organic Chemistry. The amalgamation of more European national chemical society journals followed soon after and consolidated this initiative under the ownership of ChemPubSoc Europe (Figure 1). Today, as their journals, EurJIC and EurJOC contribute significantly to the income of 13 of these European chemical societies. Our 20th anniversary is not only a perfect opportunity to look back to the start of the journal and the journey that we've been through, but also to look into the future. So what better time to have a special issue that encompasses this very theme: Celebrating the Past, Present and Future of EurJIC and EurJOC! With this is mind, we invited pioneers of the journals who appeared in the first volume and our most prolific and most-cited authors whose efforts have been instrumental in the success of the journals. The rising stars were selected with the help of our Board Members, and as excellent young researchers in their respective fields, they will help to shape the journals. The invitations were met with great enthusiasm – our communities did not let us down, so much so that we are able to present a collection of about 40 high-quality papers each in bumper double issues. The issues include a good balance of Microreviews, Full Papers and Communications, covering the full spectrum of inorganic and organic chemistry. Although our journals are co-owned by the European societies, our authorship and readership have never been restricted to Europe: we are truly international as is reflected by our motto “Made in Europe for the World”. And this issue is no different as can be seen by the contributions from Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Australia! Of all the outstanding contributions, we are particularly pleased to have a Microreview from Luis Oro, the President of EurJIC and EurJOC for ChemPubSoc Europe, submitted together with Manuel Iglesias. Three of EurJIC's previous Chairmen of the Editorial Board, João Rocha, Rinaldo Poli and Bas de Bruin, have also contributed excellent papers in celebration of the anniversary. Jean Rodriguez, in a paper together with Damien Bonne, shows his support as current member of EurJOC's Editorial Board. We are proud to have a contribution by Sílvia Osuna who is the winner of the 2017 EuCheMS Young Investigator Award. One paper that truly embodies the past, present and future of EurJOC is one by Rolf Huisgen, Hans-Ulrich Reissig and Martin Breugst, which brings together three generations of organic chemists. Also taking the anniversary theme to heart and by tying the past into the present, Christoph Marschner directly links his contribution in this issue to his paper in the first issue of EurJIC. It is only right that we use this milestone to give credit to those that have contributed to the success of the journals over the past two decades. We are grateful to Heinrich Nöth, Ivano Bertini, Jan Reedijk, João Rocha, Rinaldo Poli and Bas de Bruin who served as past Chairmen of EurJIC and to EurJOC's past Chairmen Klaus Hafner, Henning Hopf, Max Malacria and Cesare Gennari for their hard work and service. To the current Chairmen for EurJIC and EurJOC, Lutz Gade and Burkhard König, respectively, we wish to express our sincere appreciation for their support and fresh ideas. We look forward to our future collaborations! Our heartfelt thanks also go out to our mentors Karen Hindson and Haymo Ross for their dedication to EurJIC and EurJOC, and who for the last 15 years have been directing, shaping and developing the journals. With their vision, EurJIC and EurJOC have achieved their status as leaders in their respective fields. We thank them for their encouragement and trust. We hope to continue to be innovative and to take the journals to further heights, whilst still bringing you the best of inorganic and organic chemistry. And finally, the success of the journals without doubt has to be attributed to the authors and referees, who are the key players. With their great contributions and hard work, they are the driving force that help maintain the high standards of both journals. Preeti and Anne

It is a very special occasion when a scientific journal can celebrate its 50th anniversary as an independent nonprofit publication. On the occasion of its 25th anniversary, the editors of the Journal of Lipid Research published a special silver anniversary issue containing just over 25 reviews covering all aspects of lipid metabolism and authored by the leading lipid investigators of that time. In following that tradition, we are very pleased to present the golden anniversary issue of the JLR. We chose to present short, forward-looking reviews covering the entire breadth of lipid research consistent with the diversity of topics we seek as editors of the JLR. While we have assigned each article to a particular section in the Table of Contents, these assignments are somewhat arbitrary because the section topics overlap so much they are not mutually exclusive. Our goal for this golden anniversary issue was 50 reviews, but we had such an overwhelmingly positive response from the lipid research community in this project that we have ended up with 75 reviews! What a fitting tribute to the role of the Journal in promoting lipid research over the past 50 years. We draw your attention to the rich history of the Journal (1) from its founding in 1959 by a group of lipid researchers at the National Institutes of Health Heart Institute, to the establishment of the nonprofit foundation Lipid Research, Inc., which guided the Journal until its merger with the ASBMB, to its current and future ambitions as the leading journal for reporting advances in lipid research. In further celebration of this special occasion, the JLR is sponsoring a special symposium at the ASBMB Annual Meeting and lectures at eight major established lipid-oriented conferences in 2009. The JLR lectures are: “Advances in Lipid Metabolism – A Golden 50th Anniversary Celebration for the Journal of Lipid Research” Special Symposium at the ASBMB Annual Meeting/Experimental Biology – New Orleans, LA, April 19, 2009 Michael S. Brown, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center: Cholesterol feedback: a tale of two membrane proteins and two sterol sensors (Part I) Joseph L. Goldstein, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center: Cholesterol feedback: a tale of two membrane proteins and two sterol sensors (Part II) Jeffrey I. Gordon, Washington University: The human microbiome project: exploring the microbial side of ourselves Nobuyo Maeda, University of North Carolina: Genetic variations in atherosclerosis: “humans to mice” and “mice to humans” Deuel Lipid Conference – Borrego Springs, CA, March 5, 2009 Benjamin F. Cravatt III, Scripps Research Institute: Metabolite profiling to identify new lipid metabolizing enzymes Complex Lipids in Biology Keystone Symposium – Olympic Valley, CA, April 22, 2009 Takao Shimizu, University of Tokyo: Membrane diversity and asymmetry by phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipid acyltransferases Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology – Washington, DC, April 30, 2009 Jay D. Horton, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center: PCSK9: a convertase that coordinates LDL catabolism Atherosclerosis Gordon Conference – Tilton, NH, June 25, 2009 Stanley L. Hazen, Cleveland Clinic: Metabolomics studies implicate choline metabolism in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis Molecular and Cellular Biology of Lipids Gordon Conference – Waterville Valley, NH, July 21, 2009 Karen Reue, University of California, Los Angeles: Lipins: multifunctional lipid phosphatases Protein Lipidation, Signaling and Membrane Domains FASEB Conference – Saxtons River, VT, July 26, 2009 Gerrit van Meer, University of Utrecht: How cells use lipid physics and chemistry to orchestrate membrane dynamics Kern Aspen Lipid Conference – Aspen, CO, August 25, 2008 Christopher K. Glass, University of California, San Diego: Rubor, calor, dolor et NCoR; nuclear receptor repression mechanisms that regulate inflammation 11th International Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Related Diseases Conference – Cancun, Mexico, October 25, 2009 Joseph L. Witztum, University of California, San Diego: Bioactive oxidized lipids are a major target of innate immunity: implications for health and disease

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) dependent long-term depression (LTD) is a major form of synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. The molecular mechanisms involved in mGluR-LTD have been investigated intensively for the last two decades. In this 60th anniversary special issue article, we review the recent advances in determining the mechanisms that regulate the induction, transduction and expression of mGluR-LTD in the hippocampus, with a focus on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In particular we discuss the requirement of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation. The recent advances in understanding the signaling cascades regulating mGluR-LTD are then related to the cognitive impairments observed in neurological disorders, such as fragile X syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. mGluR-LTD is a form of synaptic plasticity that impacts on memory formation. In the hippocampus mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been found to be important in mGluR-LTD. In this 60th anniversary special issue article, we review the independent and complementary roles of two classes of MAPK, p38 and ERK1/2 and link this to the aberrant mGluR-LTD that has an important role in diseases. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.

An introduction to the 5th Anniversary Special Issue of New Area Studies.

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XMU-100 Anniversary Special Issue.

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A question of perspective—parenting and other matters in the lives of people with learning disabilities

10‐Year Anniversary Special Issue: Photophysics of Halide Perovskites – from Bulk to Nano