Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual spring crop cultivated for a long time (4000 BC). It originated from Africa, disseminated in the 1900s in Asia (in India and then in China) and in the 1940s from Asia to northern and central USA. Kenaf belongs to the Malvaceae family and section Furcaria. It is closely related to cotton, okra, hollyhock, and roselle. Kenaf is an industrial crop with high potential for cultivation in a tropical or subtropical climate. It is a source of raw material for fibre-based industries. This chapter discusses almost the holistic view of kenaf starting from its origin, history, agro-climatic condition and production area, economic importance, botanical description, different stages of cultivation, fibre extraction, fibre quality and grading, fibre morphology, structure, chemical composition, properties, products, traditional/unconventional uses, etc. In addition, the chapter briefly describes the environmental advantages and the socioeconomic impacts of kenaf along with its future potential.
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