Abstract
Although electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been utilized in various haptic interfaces, haptic sense induced by EMS does not satisfactorily provide the full spectrum of haptic events. To enhance pseudo-haptic feedback provided via EMS, we developed pseudo-haptic display system incorporated visual and vibrotactile feedback and examined the effect of such feedback on the pseudo-haptic feedback induced weight perception via EMS. Results showed that the rate of change for the perceived force when both visual and vibrotactile feedback was incorporated into the EMS-induced pseudo-haptic feedback is almost equal to the sum of the change rates when sole visual feedback and sole vibrotactile feedback is given.
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