Abstract
Personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector, its goal being to tailor medication to a particular individual by taking into consideration the physiology, drug response, and genetic profile of that individual. There are many technologies emerging to cause this paradigm shift from the conventional “one size fits all” to personalized medicine, the major one being three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing involves the establishment of a three-dimensional object, in a layer upon layer manner using various computer software. 3D printing can be used to construct a wide variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms varying in shape, release profile, and drug combination. The major technological platforms of 3D printing researched on in the pharmaceutical sector include inkjet printing, binder jetting, fused filament fabrication, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and pressure-assisted microsyringe. A possible future application of this technology could be in a clinical setting, where prescriptions could be dispensed based on individual needs. This manuscript points out the various 3D printing technologies and their applications in research for fabricating pharmaceutical products, along with their pros and cons. It also presents its potential in personalized medicine by individualizing the dose, release profiles, and incorporating multiple drugs in a polypill. An insight on how it tends to various populations is also provided. An approach of how it can be used in a clinical setting is also highlighted. Also, various challenges faced are pointed out, which must be overcome for the success of this technology in personalized medicine.
Highlights
The current scenario of medical treatment is centered on the paradigm “one size fits all” where most patients receive same drugs at the same doses and frequencies as others [1]
Three-dimensional printing, called 3D printing or additive manufacturing, involves the deposition of material in a layer upon layer manner to gradually construct a solid model. It uses a computer-aided design (CAD) software which transfers the necessary signals to a 3D printer, which converts the computerized digital model into twodimensional (2D) sections, which generates solid layers to build up the required objects [5]
The filaments used for Fused deposition modeling (FDM) are mostly prepared by the hot melt extrusion (HME) process, where the drug is incorporated into the polymer along with various excipients
Summary
The current scenario of medical treatment is centered on the paradigm “one size fits all” where most patients receive same drugs at the same doses and frequencies as others [1]. The response might be exaggerated and linked with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or too weak, with insufficient or no pharmacological effects Both these situations can be succeeded by added patient complications [2]. Three-dimensional printing, called 3D printing or additive manufacturing, involves the deposition of material in a layer upon layer manner to gradually construct a solid model It uses a computer-aided design (CAD) software which transfers the necessary signals to a 3D printer, which converts the computerized digital model into twodimensional (2D) sections, which generates solid layers to build up the required objects [5]. It has been widely used in various industries, from automobile and aerospace to biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. With 3D printing, pharmaceuticals have the potential to bring in a major change in the design, use, and manufacture
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