Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology holds great potential to fabricate complex constructs in the field of regenerative medicine. Researchers in the surgical fields have used 3D printing techniques and their associated biomaterials for education, training, consultation, organ transplantation, plastic surgery, surgical planning, dentures, and more. In addition, the universal utilization of 3D printing techniques enables researchers to exploit different types of hardware and software in, for example, the surgical fields. To realize the 3D-printed structures to implant them in the body and tissue regeneration, it is important to understand 3D printing technology and its enabling technologies. This paper concisely reviews 3D printing techniques in terms of hardware, software, and materials with a focus on surgery. In addition, it reviews bioprinting technology and a non-invasive monitoring method using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, with special attention to the 3D-bioprinted tissue constructs. NIR fluorescence imaging applied to 3D printing technology can play a significant role in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of 3D structures for clinical implants. Consequently, these techniques can provide individually customized products and improve the treatment outcome of surgeries.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been evolving rapidly. 3D printing is based on the principle of building objects by adding materials layer by layer [1]
3D printer hardware can be categorized into seven types according to their discriminative process, innovative products are under development [3]
A biodegradable absorbable polymer implies a complete degradation of implants in the human body, which facilitates the adhesion of cells or tissues in regenerative medicine [23]
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been evolving rapidly. 3D printing is based on the principle of building objects by adding materials layer by layer [1]. 3D printing refers to the volumetric presswork of digital data converted from an imaginary model, whereas two-dimensional (2D) printing is typically achieved on paper [4] These techniques have rapidly been adopted across many fields [5]. Materials 2020, 13, 4819 of Internet computing and the availability of 3D printing enable the personalization of products tailored to individual needs This progress enables engineers to develop various types of hardware and software that are beneficial in diverse areas [6]. The imaging of engineered structures fabricated with a thickness of millimeter (mm) or more will be important for surgically implanting 3D printed structures. The 3D imaging of engineered tissues is of great importance in obtaining information on structures as well as cells seeded in structures by printing.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
