Abstract
Recent ground-breaking results from a randomized phase III clinical trial showed tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-therapy to be superior to ipilimumab in anti-PD-1 refractory advanced melanoma patients, paving the way for TIL-therapy to become a standard treatment (Ref 1). Responses to TIL-therapy are thought to be primarily mediated by expanded CD8+ TILs (CD8+ REP-TILs) via secretion of cytotoxic molecules, including granzymes (Gzms) of which five distinct types (A, B, H, K, and M) have been identified in humans.
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