Abstract
This chapter discusses a few fundamental concepts of geometry. It highlights angles, such as adjacent supplementary angles, vertically opposite angles, complementary angles, and supplementary angles. Angles are measured in degrees, gons, or radians (circular measure). The chapter explains angles formed by transversal to parallel lines, symmetry, division of a line segment in a given ratio, similarity, and congruence. It also discusses the fundamental concepts of planimetry—triangle ABC, quadrilaterals, polygons, and circle—and presents various theorems related to these. It describes basic concepts of stereometry and a few general theorems on stereometry, goniometry, plane trigonometry, and hyperbolic functions. In a right-angled triangle ABC with angles α, β, γ, AC is called the side adjacent to α, BC is called the side opposite to α, and AB is the hypotenuse. The chapter also explains periodicity, behavior, special values, sums and differences, products, and powers of trigonometric functions and graphical representation of various trigonometric functions. It provides an overview of the basic concepts of spherical trigonometry.
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