Abstract
The genus Staphylococcus consists of gram-positive, clump-forming, facultatively aerobic cocci and includes 20 distinct species. On the basis of reassociation kinetics, strains of the same species have 80–100% sequence identity, whereas different species never have more than 20%. Nevertheless, the various species have much in common—they can participate broadly in genetic exchange and they possess a single common pool of plasmids and transposons. Most of the available molecular and genetic data are for Staphylococcus aureus ; other species are increasingly being investigated at the molecular genetic level. The staphylococcal genome is fundamentally similar to other prokaryotic genomes, consisting of a single circular chromosome plus an assortment of variable accessory genetic elements (VGE) including prophages, plasmids, transposons, and other uncharacterized types.
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