Abstract
BackgroundPesticides cause oxidative stress to plants and their residues persist in plant parts, which are a major concern for the environment as well as human health. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known to protect plants from abiotic stress conditions including pesticide toxicity. The present study demonstrated the effects of seed-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on physiological responses of 10-day old Brassica juncea seedlings grown under imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity.ResultsIn the seedlings raised from EBR-treated seeds and grown under IMI toxicity, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O.2−) were decreased, accompanied by enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and the content of glutathione (GSH). As compared to controls, the gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GR, POD, NADH (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase), CXE (carboxylesterase), GSH-S (glutathione synthase), GSH-T (glutathione transporter-1), P450 (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase) and GST1-3,5-6 were enhanced in the seedlings raised from EBR-treated seeds and grown in IMI supplemented substratum. However, expression of RBO (respiratory burst oxidase, the gene responsible for H2O2 production) was decreased in seedlings raised from EBR treated seeds and grown under IMI toxicity. Further, the EBR seed treatment decreased IMI residues by more than 38% in B. juncea seedlings.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that EBR seed soaking can efficiently reduce oxidative stress and IMI residues by modulating the gene expression of B. juncea under IMI stress. In conclusion, exogenous EBR application can protect plants from pesticide phytotoxicity.
Highlights
Pesticides cause oxidative stress to plants and their residues persist in plant parts, which are a major concern for the environment as well as human health
Seed soaking with 100 nM EBR resulted in decreasing the contents of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the seedlings grown in IMI supplemented Petri-plates (Table 2)
Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis revealed that the partial regressions between the concentrations of EBR used for seed soaking and the contents of H2O2 and O.2− generated were regressed negatively, whereas IMI regressed positively on the generation of these ROS
Summary
Pesticides cause oxidative stress to plants and their residues persist in plant parts, which are a major concern for the environment as well as human health. In the 2nd phase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glycosyltransferase help in the conjugation of activated pesticides with glutathione (GSH) and Sharma et al BMC Plant Biology (2017) 17:56 glucose, resulting in the formation of less toxic and more soluble metabolites. These metabolites are stored in vacuoles or in the apoplast in the 3rd phase of pesticide detoxification. Researchers have mostly applied BRs via foliar mode, but the present study was undertaken to access the effects of seed-soaking with EBR on oxidative stress and IMI residues in 10-day old B. juncea seedlings grown under IMI toxicity
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