Abstract
We have examined the influence of diet on theophylline (T) pharmacokinetics in 14 asthmatic children, receiving chronic oral T. Doses from 4.2-8.8 mg/kg were given in an amount determined to yield therapeutic serum levels. Each patient was placed on 3 separate diets with different proportions of protein and carbohydrate and with constant fat and calories. Sequential serum T levels were obtained following a single oral dose on day 12 of each test diet. T half-life (t½) decreased on high protein (P) diet to a mean of 4.75 hr. compared to 6.76 on normal (N) diet and increased to 18.10 on high carbohydrate (C) diet (both p < .001). The metabolic clearance rate rose from a mean of .045 L/kg/hr on N to .055 on P and decreased to .037 during C (both p < .001). The apparent volume of distribution remained unchanged, except for an increase from .423 L/kg to .988 on C (p < .01). Multiple linear regression function demonstrated t½ differences to correlate significantly only with dietary changes. No abnormal blood chemistries were detected during any test periods. These results clearly show the effect of diet on T pharmacokinetics in children.
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