Abstract
A biosensor basically consists of a biosensing material and a transducer and can be used for detection of biological and chemical agents. Biosensing materials, including enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid probes, cells, tissues, and organelles, are able to selectively recognize target analytes and transducers, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal, and magnetic devices, can quantitatively monitor the biochemical reaction. Biosensors, integrated with new technologies in molecular biology, microfluidics, and nanomaterials, have applications in agricultural production, food processing, and environmental monitoring for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, pathogens, toxins, proteins, nutrilites, odors, microbes, and more in plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water.
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