22 - Mathematical modeling and surface response curves for green synthesized nanomaterials and their application in dye degradation

Abstract

The natural water reservoirs are continuously being depleted due to heavy effluent discharge from the textile and other dye industries. Synthetic organic dyes have been extensively used during the productions. As the discharge of these dyes has a severe threat to the environment. It is being very hard to eradicate these dyes as it possesses complex molecular structure. The conventional methods are inefficient to degrade in heavy loads of the contamination and are expensive to use it. In past couple of decades, application of nanoparticles is efficiently being used for its versatile chemical nature and reactivity. It is remarkable because of minute size and multipurpose usage which proved to be a great alternative toward the dye degradation and treatment of the waste water. Also the fabrication and generation of the nanoparticles are ecofriendly, easily approachable, and cost-effective. It has been reported that biologically synthesized nanoparticles were found to have the ability to degrade toxic dyes. In this review, the biogenic sources of the nanoparticles and the photocatalytic activity are being explored to emphasize the dye degradation activity. Photocatalytic degradation method is one of the most convenient methods to get eradicated the dyes from water; in addition to that it has high efficiency for mineralization and produces nontoxic compounds as by-products by light irradiation without casing secondary pollution. As the metal/metal oxide nanoparticles play a vital role as a photocatalyst being as an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and sustainable water treatment technique. Surface response curve is a statistical approach that is useful in the optimization and commonly used for experimental design of chemical reactions and industrial processes. Mathematical modeling (MM), on the other hand, is the art of explaining a system and to study the effects of different components, and to make predictions about behavior. In this project report, the role of nanomaterials in water treatment and dye degradation has been discussed. Sustainable dye degradation and synthesizing nanomaterials using MM are also focused. In the present chapter, dye degradation by MM and response surface methodology has been reviewed.