Abstract

본 연구는 자연산 어류와 양식어류 사이의 병원체 존재에 대한 상관관계구명을 위한 기초 연구의 일환으로서, 우리나라의 자연산과 양식산 넙치, 참돔, 감성돔, 조피볼락의 병원체 감염 현황을 조사하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 기생충성 질병의 조사 결과, 자연산 넙치와 참돔에서 가장 높게 검출 된 Anisakis sp. (각 58.6%, 41.7%) 는 양식 넙치와 참돔에서 검출되지 않아 자연산과 양식산 어류에서 아주 큰 차이를 보였다. 이는 배합 사료를 공급하는 양식산 어류에 비해, 자연산 어류는 아니사키스에 오염된 갑각류나 작은 물고기 등을 먹이원으로 섭취하기 때문인 것으로 생각되었다. 세균성 질병의 조사 결과, 자연산 어류에 비해 양식산 어류에서 세균이 높은 비율로 검출되었으며, 양식 넙치에서 Vibrio sp.가 18%로 높은 비율로 검출되었다. 비브리오병은 주로 스트레스 등에 의한 2차적 세균성 질병으로 알려져 있는 것으로부터, 양식 넙치가 다른 병원체의 감염, 이동이나 선별, 빈번한 항생제 사용 등 스트레스 환경에 노출된 것으로 판단되었다. 바이러스의 조사 결과, 자연산 어류와 양식어에서 다른 양상을 보였으며, 양식 넙치에서 LCDV (3.9%) 가 가장 높은 검출률을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 자연산과 양식산에서 동시에 검출되는 병원체도 있었으나, 동일 수역에 존재하는 같은 어종이라도, 먹이나 환경에 따라 분리되는 병원체가 다른 것을 확인하였다. This study surveyed for the prevalence of parasites, bacteria and viruses in four fish species, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), red sea bream (Pagrus major), black sea bream (Acathopagrus schlegeli) and black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) in 2010. The survey was aimed to compare the pathogens detected from wild and cultured fish for an epidemiological study. Anisakis sp. was predominantly detected from wild olive flounder and red sea bream (58.6% and 41.7% respectively), but not from the cultured fishes, suggesting anisakid infection is rare in cultured fish. The wild fish get in contact with the anisakids through their prey such as small fishes or crustaceans which carry the anisakids; whereas the cultured fish are fed with formulated feed, free of anisakids. Bacterial detection rates from the wild fishes examined in the study were lower than those of cultured fishes. Vibrio sp. dominated among detected bacterial population in cultured olive flounder (18%). Since vibriosis is known as a secondary infection caused by other stressful factors such as parasitic infections, handling and chemical treatment, it seems that cultured olive flounder are exposed to stressful environment. Viruses diagnosed in the study showed difference in distribution between wild and cultured fishes; hirame rhabdovirus (HRV) (0.1%) and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) (3.9%) were detected in the cultured olive flounder, but not in the wild fish, and marine birnavirus (MBV) (1.7%) and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) (3.2%) were detected from the wild and cultured red sea bream, respectively. From the survey conducted, it can be concluded that even though some pathogens (Trichodina sp., Microcotyle sp., etc.) are detected from both the wild and cultured fish, pathogens such as Anisakis sp., Vibrio sp. and LCDV showed difference in distribution in the wild and cultured host of same fish species and this can be attributed to their environmental condition and feeding.

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