Abstract
In Russia, Gorbachev and Yeltsin have been committed to democratization in the past, but it’s not an easy task for a centralized country to move towards democracy. The political culture plays a crucial role in the process of transit of a centralized country towards democracy. Under the influence of the traditional political culture, Russia makes a choice between democracy and authoritarianism in favor of the latter. However, both Gorbachev and Yeltsin didn’t resolve this contradiction properly. As a result, the Putin administration has reformed domestic policies according to “Russian idea” and “sovereign democracy.” In order to end the transitional turmoil left by Yeltsin era, the Putin administration has tried to establish a strong state and carry out his federal system, party reform as well as media reform with “vertical presidential power” and “dictatorship of law.” In addition, the super-presidential system in Russia has also emphasized the leader’s personal factors, and this kind of system indeed affects the democratization in Russia. Although the democracy has been implemented in Russia, “totalitarianism” and “strongman politics” of political culture still appear to be apart of the Russian political process. This thesis puts emphasis on how political culture in Russia has affected these three Russian leaders’ political preferences and political developments.
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