Abstract
All human communication in businesses takes place mainly through two main structures. These are the formal and informal structures. This chapter discusses these communication structures in detail. Informal communication usually takes place on an unofficial level, or among people of the same age group or the same status level. Communication can be in the form of demonstrations, commands, questions, declarations of policy, information, and informal discussions among people who have the same interests or occupations. The grapevine is an example of informal communication. In almost every technical communication environment and other business environments, the exchange of ideas and other forms of human communication take place on a formal, often purely objective basis. There are three direction structures by means of which formal communication takes place: (1) descendant or downward communication, (2) ascendant or upward communication, and (3) lateral or horizontal communication.
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