Abstract
This chapter explains some facts from the theory of numbers. In the theory of numbers, number theorists study prime numbers and the properties of objects that are made out of integers or are defined as generalizations of the integers. Integers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations. Questions in number theory are understood through the study of analytical objects that encode properties of the integers, primes or other number-theoretic objects in some fashion. The number p is called prime if it only has two positive divisors; 1 and p. The chapter explains that for any number n, only one canonical factorization exists.
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