Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter describes the main methods used for tensile testing, impact testing, bend tests, and hardness measurements, interpreting the results of such measurements. In a tensile test, measurements are made of the force required to extend a standard size test piece at a constant rate, the elongation of a specified gauge length of the test piece being measured by some form of extensometer. Beyond the elastic limit the material will not return to its original dimensions when the force is removed, the material retaining a permanent change in dimensions. This is referred to as & permanent set or plastic deformation. In general, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength both decrease with an increase in temperature. The percentage elongation tends to increase with an increase in temperature. The compression testing is used with materials, such as cast iron and concrete, which might be used in service to resist compressive forces. Compression testing is just the opposite of tensile testing, the sample of material being compressed instead of stretched.
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