2 - Introduction to the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Plastics and Elastomers

Abstract

This chapter discusses the measurement of many of the properties of plastics, elastomers, and composites that are of concern to engineers designing items used in environments where radiation exposure may occur. Testing standards are noted. The chapter focuses on the basics of plastic properties, including film properties, and is in several major parts. Covered first are the physical properties of plastics such as density, dimensional stability, friction, color, gloss, haze, yellowing, and hardness. The mechanical testing of plastics is covered next. This includes tensile, shear, and flexural properties, folding, puncture, impact, and tear. Thermal properties are then discussed, such as melt index and glass transition temperature. A section on compression set of elastomers is also included. Testing criteria are also noted for materials exposed to radiation used in nuclear power applications and space applications.