Abstract

Introduction: Most commercially available electroporation (EP) technologies are based on constant-voltage concepts. Due to variations in tissue resistance during the EP process, a predetermined voltage pulse may cause an unregulated increase in the current flowing through the tissue during the duration of the pulse and result in loss of the perfect square-wave function, tissue damage, pain and reduced plasmid uptake and expression. The unregulated current generated with conventional electroporation devices may generate amounts of heat in tissues that can easily kill cells. To dramatically improve plasmid uptake and expression levels, we have developed an electrokinetic device (EKD) as well as a single-use electrode array.

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