Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful imaging tools today, capable of displaying superior soft-tissue contrast. This review discusses developments in the field of 19 F MRI multimodal probes in combination with optical fluorescence imaging (OFI), 1 H MRI, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, ultrasonography (USG), X-ray computed tomography (CT), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). In each case, multimodal 19 F MRI probes compensate for the deficiency of individual techniques and offer improved sensitivity or accuracy of detection over unimodal counterparts. Strategies for designing 19 F MRI multimodal probes are described with respect to their structure, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and the quality of images.
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