Abstract
Corneal ectasia is a rare but serious complication of refractive surgery. The detection of postoperative ectasia can be challenging, and there is no universally accepted protocol for prevention. Postoperative ectasia often leads to increasing myopia, increasing astigmatism (regular and irregular), decreased uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, and corresponding changes to topographic/tomographic maps. Despite the identification of many risk factors for ectasia, patients with no known risk factors can develop postoperative ectasia. Fortunately, there have been advancements in the treatment of corneal ectasia, including conservative management with spectacles and contact lenses; minimally invasive procedures with intracorneal ring segments (ICRSs); and corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL), corneal transplantation with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in refractory cases. There also may be a benefit to combining treatment modalities.
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