175 Sternal Closure with Single Compared to Double or Figure-Of-8 Wires in Obese Patients Post Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Aim Sternal instability and wound infections are a major cause of morbidity following cardiac surgery, which is further amplified in high-risk patients that include diabetics and patients with high BMI. We compare the different outcomes of different sternal wire closure techniques following median sternotomy for cardiac surgery in obese patients Method A comprehensive electronic literature search was undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines from inception to July 2020 to identify all published data comparing single wire sternal closure to either double wire or figure-of-8 techniques following median sternotomy for cardiac surgery in obese patients, defined as a BMI ≥ 30. Results Eight studies met the final inclusion criteria; single wire versus double wire sternal closure (n = 2) and single wire versus figure-of-8 wire closure (n = 6). Higher rate of sternal instability was noted in single wire vs double wire closure (22/150 (14.7%) patients vs 6/150 (4%) patients, p = 0.003, OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.10-0.63]). Similarly, sternal instability was higher in single wire vs figure-of-8 wire closure technique (33/2422 (1.3%) vs 11/8035 (0.1%), p = 0.04 OR 0.30 [95% CI, 0.09-0.96]) respectively. Conclusions There is benefit in the use of either double or figure-of-8 sternal wire closure techniques over single wire closure in terms of sternal instability. However, as the studies were limited, larger scale comparative studies are required to provide a solid evidence base for choosing the optimal sternal closure technique in this high-risk group of patients.