Abstract
Most types of alginate can be used to entrap cells but there is an increasing body of information suggesting that the most satisfactory results are obtained using comparatively low concentrations of the high molecular-weight grades of sodium alginate. This has the commercial advantage of minimizing the cost of the alginate, which is sold by weight. Calcium alginate cannot be claimed to be the perfect means of immobilizing cells. The destruction of calcium alginate gels by chelating agents is a problem that may be overcome very simply but by increasing the cost of immobilization process. Limitation of oxygen transfer within the gels can be a problem or an advantage depending on the type of biocatalyst entrapped. There is scope for extensive studies on the physiological effects resulting from such diffusion limitations; it may well be that there are advantages to using larger beads of calcium alginate for the entrapment of certain biocatalysts to benefit from diffusion limitations.
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