Abstract
Liquid metals such as sodium, lithium, lead, lead-bismuth, and lead-lithium are used as coolants in advanced nuclear energy systems. Controlling corrosion caused by liquid metals represents a major challenge in these systems. General features are presented in this chapter regarding corrosion phenomena of metals and alloys in liquid metals, including intergranular penetration of the liquid metal into the solid metal and embrittlement of the solid by the liquid, dissolution of the solid into the liquid metal, as well as reactions with dissolved impurities such as oxygen or carbon. Moreover, in presence of a thermal gradient, dissolution-deposition phenomena may occur between hot and cold areas. Investigated alloys include type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels, grades stabilized with titanium or niobium, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels, and ferritic/martensitic steels with or without ODS, as most promising class of materials with a potential to be used at elevated temperatures under severe exposure environments.
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