Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of ion exchange membranes deteriorate under severe environments. Surface fouling is caused by the deposition of small particles suspended in a feed solution on the membrane surface; it increases with a drop in pressure and decreases by limiting the current density of an electrodialyzer. Organic fouling is caused by the precipitation of suspended organic colloidal substances on anion exchange membranes and it deteriorates membrane characteristics such as the transport number and electric resistance. In industrial electrodialysis, membrane deterioration, surface fouling, and organic fouling are inevitable phenomena. They shorten membrane lifetime and lower plant economic viability. These phenomena are not an exception or accident but the rule in practical operations. To operate an industrial electrodialyzer stably, it is important to understand the mechanism of these phenomena.
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