Abstract
Like most technologies, mechanical circulatory support devices have rapidly evolved since their invention. The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has become smaller and more durable, which has enhanced reliability and biocompatibility. Durable LVADs and the total artificial heart have become mainstay therapy for advanced stage heart failure. State of the art mechanical circulatory support systems are described in this chapter. The history, function and research regarding devices are detailed. Overall, extensive clinical research has demonstrated that these devices are safe and effective when used for bridging to transplantation and myocardial recovery, or for lifetime destination therapy. In addition, adverse event rates have declined as survival has increased. Ongoing research is targeted at reducing adverse events and expanding the population of treatable patients. Further, additional research targets less-invasive implantation techniques and transcutaneous energy transmission, which may help to minimize trauma and infection related complications.
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