Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to rotary kilns as an alternative to other unit operation devices. The history and evolution of the rotary kiln and some processes that have found applications over the years are presented. The design and operation of rotary kilns have undergone a systematic evolution since the days of the ancient Egyptians. Improvements include reduced labor, increased productivity, mixing, heat transfer, and product quality. Currently, rotary kilns are employed by industry to carry out a wide array of material processing operations, for example, reduction of oxide ore, reclamation of hydrated lime, calcining of petroleum coke, and hazardous waste reclamation. A quantitative understanding of the transport phenomena underlying the rotary kiln is presented. Several rotary kiln designs have evolved, each specific to the process application it is intended for. Mineral processing kilns are classified as vertical, horizontal, or other miscellaneous mixed types. They also come in several forms and shapes. In spite of the distinctions, most kilns, vertical or horizontal, when used for thermal processing in a continuous operation will have distinct zones along their axial length.
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