1-D and 2-D morphology of metal cation co-doped (Zn, Mn) TiO2 and investigation of their photocatalytic activity

Abstract

Abstract Morphology and electronic bandgap of titania (TiO2) are considered to be the primary factors for determining the photocatalytic efficiency, as they determine the number of active sites for the photocatalytic reactions. In the present study, two different morphologies of TiO2 (nanosphere and nanorod) with varying Zn and Mn co-doping were synthesized by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods to examine their photocatalytic efficiency by methylene blue degradation. The co-doped photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, Raman, FTIR and UV–vis DRS. Further, a comparison has been made with co-doped TiO2 nanospheres and TiO2 nanorods, where Zn, Mn co-doped TiO2 nanorods show higher photocatalytic activity compared to nanospheres. This higher photocatalytic activity of co-doped TiO2 is attributed to its polymorphic phases, as they act as heterojunctions for TiO2. Further, being 1-D nanostructure, the TiO2 nanorods exhibit the straight diffusion path for charge carriers, which reduces the recombination possibilities. The obtained results suggest that the photocatalysis efficiency of TiO2 can be significantly enhanced by tailoring the shape and co-doping concentration, which enforce a new concept for developing the new nanostructures of TiO2.