دراسة بعض الثوابت الوراثية لحاصل الحبوب و مكوناته في القمح الطري = Study of Some Genetic Constants for Grain Yield and Its Component of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L.

Abstract

Five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Sham4, Sham6, Sham8, Sham10, Bohoth6, and Domah2) and their half diallel crosses were used to study the following quantitative characters ( grain yield per plant, number of spikelet/per spike (fertile and in fertile, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, spike length, awn length, tillering, stem length, grains weight per spike). The study included the estimation of genetic, phenotypic and environmental variance and correlation between grain yield and its components, broad sense heritability, and genetic again between grain yield and its components. Our study was performed at the University of Teshreen - faculty of agriculture farm (Video) and its laboratories in three successive seasons starting from 2010-2009. Phenotypic correlation was positive and highly significant between number of grains per spike and number of spikelet/ per spike (fertile and in fertile)(r=0.97*), length of awn and length of spikes (r=0.75*), grain yield per plant and grains weight per spike(r=0.86*) and tillering (r=0.73*). Genetic correlation was positive and highly significant between grain yield per plant and stem length (r=0.75*), grains weight per spike and number of spikelet/ per spike (fertile and in fertile) (r=0.92*), and number of spikelet/per spike (fertile) (r=0.83*), number grains per spike (r=0.92*), and weight 1000 grain (r=0.92*), also between spike length and number of spikelet/ spike (fertile and in fertile)(r=0.92*), and number of spikelet/ spikes (fertile) (r=0.82*), and weight 1000 grain (r=0.87*). Genetic and phenotypic correlation was negative and highly significant between tillering and weight of grains per spikes, and 1000 grain weight and length of awn . Such superior traits could be used as selection tools in any future wheat breeding program.