ПРОБЛЕМА SKILL MISMATCH СРЕДИ РАБОТНИКОВ В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ

Abstract

Existing mega-trends such as globalization, demographic change, rapid development of new technologies, changing work environment, development of ICT and the era of big data are leading to a growing gap in skills and competencies among present-day workers. “Skill mismatch” is an imbalance between skills and qualifications available in the labor market and those required in the workplace. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of skill mismatch; it examines in detail domestic and foreign approaches to assessing skills mismatch, the choice of which is due to the classification of data on the supply and demand of skills: subjective, empirical, normative and work assessment method. An area is highlighted that requires a comprehensive study of this issue, namely the impact of over-qualification and insufficient qualification for workers employed in rural areas. The methodological basis of the study is the materials of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the Population, conducted in 2018 by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). A survey of workers employed in rural areas of the country made it possible to correlate the existing level of qualifications and competencies with those required at the workplace. Awareness of the different types of skill mismatch, their interconnectedness, and different measurement issues enables policy decisions to be made to narrow the skill gap. The article attempts to analyze some of the types of mismatch that workers living in rural areas face, namely, “overeducation/undereducation”, “overskilling/underskilling”, “horizontal/field of study” mismatch. It is concluded that the skills of the labor force do not fully meet the rapidly changing needs of the economy, creating a serious barrier to the growth and development of the domestic economy.