Эпидемиологические особенности антибиотикорезистентности клинически значимых патогенных микроорганизмов на примере бактерий рода Serratia

Abstract

Introduction: Bacteria of the genus Serratia are an important group of microorganisms that are both of clinical and scientific importance. The study of the morphological and pathogenetic properties, as well as the determination of resistance to antibacterial drugs of these bacteria is important for the development of methods for treating infectious diseases and the use of this knowledge in biotechnological processes. Despite the fact that bacteria of the genus Serratia were previously considered to be relatively sensitive to most antibacterial drugs, in recent decades there has been an increase in the resistance of these pathogens, which complicates the course of the diseases they cause. Analysis of scientific data on the issues of antibiotic resistance of the studied bacteria will allow us to obtain reliable information about the mechanisms by which bacteria of the genus Serratia acquire resistance to antibacterial drugs, as well as make a choice regarding the optimal drug for the treatment of infectious diseases. Purpose of the study: To study the epidemiological features and resistance mechanisms of bacteria of the genus Serratia to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods: A review and analysis of 20 sources was conducted. The search was carried out in electronic databases of scientific articles e-Library, Google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CyberLeninka. The materials studying the relationships between the epidemiological characteristics of bacteria of the genus Serratia and their mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial drugs were analyzed. Results: In this narrative review, in the course of data analysis, it was noted that most Serratia isolates remain sensitive to some antibacterial drugs, but strains were also identified that exhibit resistance to various classes of antibacterial drugs, including penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The study of resistance mechanisms has shown that one of the key factors contributing to the resistance of bacteria of the genus Serratia is the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes, which destroy beta-lactam antibiotics. Efflux mechanisms have also been identified allowing bacteria to avoid the action of antibacterial drugs. There has been a trend towards increasing levels of antibacterial resistance in Serratia over recent years. This indicates the need for constant monitoring and control of the use of antibacterial drugs in hospital settings. Conclusion: An epidemiological analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria of the genus Serratia was carried out, and data were obtained confirming the need for in-depth planning before using antibacterial drugs in order to reduce resistance in various strains of bacteria.