Abstract
Purpose : To evaluate the inhibitory activity of 10 wild Verbenaceae species from Mexico against α- glucosidase and α-amylase. Methods : Ethanol leaf extracts of 10 Verbenaceae species from Mexico were prepared. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was evaluated using enzymatic protocols. At least four serial diluted concentrations of each extract was used to calculate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Results : The 10 evaluated Verbenaceae species showed high α-glucosidase inhibition activity, but a low inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Aloysia gratissima (IC 50 = 0.122 mg/mL), Verbena carolina (IC 50 = 0.112 mg/mL), Bouchea prismatica (IC 50 = 0.122 mg/mL), Verbena menthiflora (IC 50 = 0.071mg/mL) and Priva mexicana (IC 50 = 0.032 mg/mL) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities against α- glucosidase. Conclusion : All the Verbenaceae species studied possess α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, with P. mexicana being the one with the strongest activity. These findings demonstrate the highs potential of these species as a source of natural antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes therapy. Keywords : Hyperglycemic, Diabetes, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase Verbenaceae, Aloysia gratissima, Bouchea prismatica, Priva mexicana
Highlights
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with a high concentration of blood glucose or hyperglycemia that can be produced by a deficient carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism [1]
Important α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found with the 10 Verbenaceae species, presented as IC50 values (Table 1)
A direct relation between total phenolics content and α-glucosidase inhibition activity was reported for the ethanolic extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus L., a plant used for diabetes treatment [13]
Summary
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with a high concentration of blood glucose or hyperglycemia that can be produced by a deficient carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism [1]. Hyperglycemia, in non-insulin dependent patients, is due to an increased starch breakdown by α-amylase and a high glucose absorption favored by the action of α-glucosidase [1,2,3]. The inhibition of these enzymes could reduce blood glucose levels and, decrease hyperglycemia linked to T2DM [4]. Pharmaceutical chemical compounds such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, are used to maintain glucose levels efficiently, but prolonged use has been associated with several side effects [5]. In Mexico, about 306 species from 235 genera and 93 families have been reported to have hypoglycemic activity, but the number is almost double considering all medicinal reports [7]
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